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The First World Festival of Black Arts or '''World Festival of Negro Arts''' was held in [[Dakar]], Senegal, 1–24 April 1966, initiated by former President [[Leopold Senghor]], under the auspices of [[UNESCO]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/Ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=190260&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1|title=1st World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar, April 1-24, 1966: Colloquium: Function and Significance of African Negro Art in the Life of the People and for the People, March 30-April 8, 1966; 1968|website=unesdoc.unesco.org|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> with the participation of 45 African, European, Caribbean, and North and South American countries, and featuring black literature, music, theater, visual arts, film and dance.<ref>[http://www.nypl.org/archives/3636 "First World Festival of Negro Arts. U.S. Committee Records"], New York Public Library.</ref> It was first state-sponsored festival to showcase the work of African and [[African diaspora|African diasporic]] artists, musicians and writers to a global audience.<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/world-festival-of-negro-arts "World Festival of Negro Arts"], Tate.</ref>
The First World Festival of Black Arts or '''World Festival of Negro Arts''' was held in [[Dakar]], Senegal, 1–24 April 1966, initiated by former President [[Leopold Senghor]], under the auspices of [[UNESCO]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/Ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=190260&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1|title=1st World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar, April 1-24, 1966: Colloquium: Function and Significance of African Negro Art in the Life of the People and for the People, March 30-April 8, 1966; 1968|website=unesdoc.unesco.org|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> with the participation of 45 African, European, Caribbean, and North and South American countries, and featuring black literature, music, theater, visual arts, film and dance.<ref>[http://www.nypl.org/archives/3636 "First World Festival of Negro Arts. U.S. Committee Records"], New York Public Library.</ref> It was first state-sponsored festival to showcase the work of African and [[African diaspora|African diasporic]] artists, musicians and writers to a global audience.<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/world-festival-of-negro-arts "World Festival of Negro Arts"], Tate.</ref>


Participants included historian [[Cheikh Anta Diop]]; dancers [[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]] and [[Alvin Ailey]]; Mestre Pastinha, a [[Capoeira]] troupe from [[Bahia]]; [[Duke Ellington]]; [[Marion Williams]]; singers Julie Akofa Akoussah and [[Bella Bellow]]; calypsonian [[The Mighty Terror]]; writers [[Aimé Césaire]], [[Langston Hughes]], [[Wole Soyinka]], [[Amiri Baraka]], and [[Sarah Webster Fabio]].<ref>[https://continuo.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/dakar-1966-1er-festival-mondial-des-arts-negres/ "Dakar 1966 – 1er Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres"], Continuo, 25 November 2009.</ref> The filmmaker [[William Greaves]] made a 40-minute documentary of the event entitled ''The First World Festival of Negro Arts'' (1968).<ref>[http://www.africanfilmny.org/2012/the-first-world-festival-of-negro-arts/ "The First World Festival of Negro Arts"], African Film Festival, New York.</ref> Italian journalist [[Sergio Borelli]] produced ''Il Festival de Dakar'' (1966)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/135843095|title="Festival mondial des arts nègres"- "World Festival of Black Arts" by Sergio Borelli, 50 min.|first=caterina|last=borelli|date=10 August 2015|access-date=8 March 2018|via=Vimeo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://musc265.blogs.wesleyan.edu/postcolonial/pan-african-festivals/|title=African Presences I: Music in Africa » Pan-African Festivals|website=musc265.blogs.wesleyan.edu|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> a 50-minute documentary for [[RAI]]. Directors from the USSR Irina Venzher and Leonid Makhnach produced the Russian-language documentary ''Ритми Африки'' (''Ritmi Afriki'') about the festival.
Participants included historian [[Cheikh Anta Diop]]; dancers [[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]] and [[Alvin Ailey]]; Mestre Pastinha, a [[Capoeira]] troupe from [[Bahia]]; [[Duke Ellington]]; [[Marion Williams]]; singers Julie Akofa Akoussah and [[Bella Bellow]]; calypsonian [[The Mighty Terror]]; writers [[Aimé Césaire]], [[Langston Hughes]], [[Wole Soyinka]], [[Amiri Baraka]], [[Sarah Webster Fabio]], [[Rosa Guy]], [[Margaret Danner]], [[Lindsay Barrett]], [[Ousmane Sembène]], [[Keorapetse Kgositsile]], and [[William Demby]].<ref>[https://continuo.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/dakar-1966-1er-festival-mondial-des-arts-negres/ "Dakar 1966 – 1er Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres"], Continuo, 25 November 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=[[Negro Digest|Black World/Negro Digest]]|date=June 1966|pages=50, 88}}</ref> The filmmaker [[William Greaves]] made a 40-minute documentary of the event entitled ''The First World Festival of Negro Arts'' (1968).<ref>[http://www.africanfilmny.org/2012/the-first-world-festival-of-negro-arts/ "The First World Festival of Negro Arts"], African Film Festival, New York.</ref> Italian journalist [[Sergio Borelli]] produced ''Il Festival de Dakar'' (1966)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/135843095|title="Festival mondial des arts nègres"- "World Festival of Black Arts" by Sergio Borelli, 50 min.|first=caterina|last=borelli|date=10 August 2015|access-date=8 March 2018|via=Vimeo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://musc265.blogs.wesleyan.edu/postcolonial/pan-african-festivals/|title=African Presences I: Music in Africa » Pan-African Festivals|website=musc265.blogs.wesleyan.edu|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> a 50-minute documentary for [[RAI]]. Directors from the USSR Irina Venzher and Leonid Makhnach produced the Russian-language documentary ''Ритми Африки'' (''Ritmi Afriki'') about the festival.


===Lagos, 1977===
===Lagos, 1977===

Revision as of 18:15, 20 May 2023

World Festival of Black Arts
Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres
World Festival of Black Arts (FESMAN)
GenrePan-African
DatesDecember
Location(s)Dakar, Senegal; Lagos, Nigeria
Years active1966, 1977, 2009/2010
Founded byLeopold Senghor

The World Festival of Black Arts (French: Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres), also known as FESMAN, is a month-long culture and arts festival that takes place in Africa. The festival features poetry, sculpture, painting, music, cinema, theatre, fashion, architecture, design and dance from artists and performers from around the African Diaspora.[1]

History

The festivals were planned as Pan-African celebrations, and ranged in content from debate to performance — particularly dance and theatre.[2]

Dakar, 1966

Congolese stamps for the festival

The First World Festival of Black Arts or World Festival of Negro Arts was held in Dakar, Senegal, 1–24 April 1966, initiated by former President Leopold Senghor, under the auspices of UNESCO,[3] with the participation of 45 African, European, Caribbean, and North and South American countries, and featuring black literature, music, theater, visual arts, film and dance.[4] It was first state-sponsored festival to showcase the work of African and African diasporic artists, musicians and writers to a global audience.[5]

Participants included historian Cheikh Anta Diop; dancers Arthur Mitchell and Alvin Ailey; Mestre Pastinha, a Capoeira troupe from Bahia; Duke Ellington; Marion Williams; singers Julie Akofa Akoussah and Bella Bellow; calypsonian The Mighty Terror; writers Aimé Césaire, Langston Hughes, Wole Soyinka, Amiri Baraka, Sarah Webster Fabio, Rosa Guy, Margaret Danner, Lindsay Barrett, Ousmane Sembène, Keorapetse Kgositsile, and William Demby.[6][7] The filmmaker William Greaves made a 40-minute documentary of the event entitled The First World Festival of Negro Arts (1968).[8] Italian journalist Sergio Borelli produced Il Festival de Dakar (1966)[9][10] a 50-minute documentary for RAI. Directors from the USSR Irina Venzher and Leonid Makhnach produced the Russian-language documentary Ритми Африки (Ritmi Afriki) about the festival.

Lagos, 1977

Main article: FESTAC 77

In 1977, from 15 January to 12 February, the Second World Festival of Black Arts or Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture — known as FESTAC '77 — took place in Lagos, Nigeria, under the patronage of President Olusegun Obasanjo.[11] Attended by more than 17,000 participants from over 50 countries, it was the largest cultural event ever held on the African continent.[11] Among artists who took part were Stevie Wonder, the Sun Ra Arkestra, and Donald Byrd from the US, Tabu Ley and Franco from the Congo, Gilberto Gil from Brazil, Bembeya Jazz National from Guinea, and Louis Moholo, Dudu Pukwana, and Miriam Makeba from South Africa.[12]

Dakar, 2010

The Third World Festival of Black Arts took place 10–31 December 2010, and was initiated by Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade with the theme of African Renaissance. President Wade said in his 2009 address at the UN: "I call all Africans, all the sons and daughters of the Diaspora, all my fellow citizens, all the partners that are ready to walk by our side, all States, all international organizations, foundations, firms, etc. for a shining success for this Festival, and for the rise of a new Africa."[13] The 2010 festival was curated by Kwame Kwei-Armah, and participants at the opening ceremony included Youssou N'Dour, Baaba Maal, Angélique Kidjo, Toumani Diabaté, Wyclef Jean, Euzhan Palcy, Carlinhos Brown and the Mahotella Queens.[14][15] As well as music and cinema, the festival featured art exhibitions, theatre and dance performances, fashion shows, photography and other events, with the participation of artists and intellectuals from dozens of African and African diaspora countries, including the US, Brazil, Haiti, France and Cuba.[16][15]

References

  1. ^ "World Festival of Black Arts launched at UN Headquarters", People's Daily, 15 January 2009.
  2. ^ Martin Banham, Errol Hill, George Woodyard (eds), The Cambridge Guide to African & Caribbean Literature, Cambridge University Press, 1994; "FESTAC", p. 3.
  3. ^ "1st World Festival of Negro Arts, Dakar, April 1-24, 1966: Colloquium: Function and Significance of African Negro Art in the Life of the People and for the People, March 30-April 8, 1966; 1968". unesdoc.unesco.org. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  4. ^ "First World Festival of Negro Arts. U.S. Committee Records", New York Public Library.
  5. ^ "World Festival of Negro Arts", Tate.
  6. ^ "Dakar 1966 – 1er Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres", Continuo, 25 November 2009.
  7. ^ "Black World/Negro Digest". June 1966. pp. 50, 88. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  8. ^ "The First World Festival of Negro Arts", African Film Festival, New York.
  9. ^ borelli, caterina (10 August 2015). ""Festival mondial des arts nègres"- "World Festival of Black Arts" by Sergio Borelli, 50 min". Retrieved 8 March 2018 – via Vimeo.
  10. ^ "African Presences I: Music in Africa » Pan-African Festivals". musc265.blogs.wesleyan.edu. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  11. ^ a b "FESTAC '77 - 2nd World Black & African Festival of Arts - NaijaPositive.com". naijapositive.myfastforum.org. 25 May 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  12. ^ "The History of the World Festival of Black Arts & Culture / FESTAC", Afropop Worldwide, 20 January 2011.
  13. ^ "Honoring Black Arts | Third World Festival of Black Arts: Dakar, 2010". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  14. ^ Hannah Pool, "World Festival of Black Arts: a once in a decade event", The Guardian, 3 January 2011.
  15. ^ a b Felicia R. Lee, "World Festival of Black Arts Announces Lineup", ArtsBeat, The New York Times, 7 December 2010.
  16. ^ Karima Daoudi, "The World Festival of Black Arts and Cultures", Fulbright-mtvU Fellows, 21 March 2011.

Further reading

External links

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