Supportive psychotherapy: Difference between revisions
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'''Supportive psychotherapy''' is a [[psychotherapy|psychotherapeutic approach]] that integrates various schools to provide therapeutic support. It includes components from therapeutic schools such as [[psychodynamic]], [[cognitive-behavioral]], |
'''Supportive psychotherapy''' is a [[psychotherapy|psychotherapeutic approach]] that integrates various schools to provide therapeutic support. It includes components from therapeutic schools such as [[psychodynamic]], [[cognitive-behavioral]], [[interpersonal psychotherapy|interpersonal]] and other conceptual models and techniques.<ref>Winston, Arnold; Richard N. Rosenthal; & Henry Pinsker. ''Introduction to Supportive Psychotherapy''. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004.</ref> In 1954, it was J. Wolberg who described supportive psychotherapy for those with good ego strengths who have broken down under the impact of excessively severe environmental pressure and stressors and also for those with weak ego structures whose capacities for real change is minimal <ref>{{Citation|last=Winston|first=Arnold|title=Supportive psychotherapy|date=2001-01-01|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236953040_Supportive_psychotherapy|pages=344–358|access-date=2018-10-27|last2=Rosenthal|first2=Richard|last3=Muran|first3=John}}</ref>. The aim of supportive psychotherapy is to reduce or to relieve the intensity of manifested or presenting symptoms, distress or disability. It also reduces the extent of behavioral disruptions caused by the patient's psychic conflicts or disturbances.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dewald|first=P. A.|date=1994|title=Principles of supportive psychotherapy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7872414|journal=American Journal of Psychotherapy|volume=48|issue=4|pages=505–518|doi=10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1994.48.4.505|issn=0002-9564|pmid=7872414}}</ref> The objective of the [[psychotherapist|therapist]] is to reinforce the patient's healthy and adaptive [[cognitive therapy|patterns of thought]] [[behavioral therapy|behaviors]] and affective (emotional) patterns in order to reduce the intrapsychic conflicts that produce symptoms of [[mental disorder]]s. Unlike in [[psychoanalysis]], in which the analyst works to maintain a neutral demeanor as a "blank canvas" for [[transference]], in supportive therapy the therapist engages in a fully emotional, encouraging, and supportive relationship with the patient as a method of furthering healthy [[defense mechanisms]], especially in the context of [[interpersonal relationships]]. |
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==Application== |
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Supportive therapy is used for patients with common and severe mental illnesses, both. It is a school of psychotherapy that can be used with those individuals those who do not respond well with expressive psychotherapy. the primary aim of supportive psychotherapy is to comfort, advise, encourage, reassure, and mostly importantly listen attentively<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/fighting-fear/201306/supportive-psychotherapy|title=Supportive Psychotherapy|website=Psychology Today|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-27}}</ref>. It has been used for patients suffering from emotional distress and stress to severe cases like schizophrenia, addictions, [[bulimia nervosa]] and other mental illnesses.<ref>Werman, David S. ''The Practice of Supportive Psychotherapy''. New York, New York, Psychology Press, 1984.</ref> it is also used for neurological problems, mood disorders, anxiety related problems, sexual dysfuctions and disorders and almost all mental health related issues. Supportive Psychotherapy entails dealing with the individual's problems at hand in the present frame of time as well as the problems of the past. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Rosenthal|first=Richard N.|last2=Muran|first2=J. Christopher|last3=Pinsker|first3=Henry|last4=Hellerstein|first4=David|last5=Winston|first5=Arnold|date=1999|title=Interpersonal Change in Brief Supportive Psychotherapy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330523/|journal=The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research|volume=8|issue=1|pages=55–63|issn=1055-050X|pmc=PMC3330523|pmid=9888107}}</ref> |
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This therapy has been used for patients suffering from severe cases of addiction as well as [[bulimia nervosa]], stress and other mental illnesses.<ref>Werman, David S. ''The Practice of Supportive Psychotherapy''. New York, New York, Psychology Press, 1984.</ref> |
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Supportive psychotherapy is used as an initial therapy, to be reduced and not to be prolonged, in situations or periods where there is a lack of means for a systematic approach or [[behaviorism]]. Examples of such situations include: |
Supportive psychotherapy is used as an initial therapy, to be reduced and not to be prolonged, in situations or periods where there is a lack of means for a systematic approach or [[behaviorism]]. Examples of such situations include: |
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* volatile but unavoidable everyday life or decisive situations |
* volatile but unavoidable everyday life or decisive situations |
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* compromises (to introduce at least minimal operational, efficient relationship conditions) in long term, engaged relationships, based on lasting agreements |
* compromises (to introduce at least minimal operational, efficient relationship conditions) in long term, engaged relationships, based on lasting agreements |
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Supportive Psychotherapy often leads to improvement in adaptive and interpersonal function.<ref name=":0" /> It is most often, also used as a means of psychotherapeutic support near termination of therapy. |
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This therapeutic modality focuses especially on developing adaptive capacities that take into account the patient’s limitations, including<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/psychotherapy/supportive-psychotherapy-everyday-clinical-practice-its-riding-bicycle|title=Supportive Psychotherapy in Everyday Clinical Practice: It’s Like Riding a Bicycle|last=Rothe|first=Euginio|date=May 24, 2017|website=Psychiatric Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>: |
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* Personality traits that may be hindering |
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* Native ability (eg, impaired reality testing, decreased cognitive functioning, lower IQ, learning disabilities) |
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* Problems associated with life circumstances (eg, lower levels of education, low socioeconomic status, limited social support systems, problems related to migration) |
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A [[systematic review]] examined the effectiveness of supportive therapy for people with [[schizophrenia]]: |
A [[systematic review]] examined the effectiveness of supportive therapy for people with [[schizophrenia]]: |
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==Internet-based== |
==Internet-based== |
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Internet-based supportive psychotherapy is a subset of supportive psychotherapy that is characterized by having a therapy session on an online (virtual) medium involving telephone, email and online chat forums. Supportive therapy would require affective mirroring (being able to understand the emotions of the patient and convey to back to them) and interpersonal warmth which may be a challenge on an online forum. However, virtual psychotherapy is on growing at a faster rate than ever before, but its promising outcomes are yet to be materialised. Ethical considerations related to online psychotherapy, in general also hold a firm footing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sacramento-street-psychiatry/201307/online-psychotherapy|title=Online Psychotherapy|website=Psychology Today|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-27}}</ref>. |
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Internet-based supportive psychotherapy is a type of supportive psychotherapy that is characterized by having a two-hour initial meeting between the client and therapist, and then periodic and occasional study conducted by therapist through email and telephone.<ref>Litz B.T., Engel C.C., Bryant R.A., Papa A. (2007) "A randomized, controlled proof-of-concept trial of an Internet-based, therapist-assisted self-management treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder." ''Am J Psychiatry'' 2007; 164:1676–1683</ref> |
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==Research directions== |
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Some studies suggest that genetics, animal studies and neuroscience may have an impact or play a role in supportive psychotherapy.<ref name="Appelbaum">{{cite journal |last=Appelbaum|first=Ann|year=2008|title=Supportive Psychotherapy for Borderline Patients|journal= Social Work in Mental Health |volume=6 |pages=145–155}}</ref> |
Some studies suggest that genetics, animal studies and neuroscience may have an impact or play a role in supportive psychotherapy.<ref name="Appelbaum">{{cite journal |last=Appelbaum|first=Ann|year=2008|title=Supportive Psychotherapy for Borderline Patients|journal= Social Work in Mental Health |volume=6 |pages=145–155}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 07:14, 28 October 2018
Supportive psychotherapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that integrates various schools to provide therapeutic support. It includes components from therapeutic schools such as psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal and other conceptual models and techniques.[1] In 1954, it was J. Wolberg who described supportive psychotherapy for those with good ego strengths who have broken down under the impact of excessively severe environmental pressure and stressors and also for those with weak ego structures whose capacities for real change is minimal [2]. The aim of supportive psychotherapy is to reduce or to relieve the intensity of manifested or presenting symptoms, distress or disability. It also reduces the extent of behavioral disruptions caused by the patient's psychic conflicts or disturbances.[3] The objective of the therapist is to reinforce the patient's healthy and adaptive patterns of thought behaviors and affective (emotional) patterns in order to reduce the intrapsychic conflicts that produce symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike in psychoanalysis, in which the analyst works to maintain a neutral demeanor as a "blank canvas" for transference, in supportive therapy the therapist engages in a fully emotional, encouraging, and supportive relationship with the patient as a method of furthering healthy defense mechanisms, especially in the context of interpersonal relationships.
Application
Supportive therapy is used for patients with common and severe mental illnesses, both. It is a school of psychotherapy that can be used with those individuals those who do not respond well with expressive psychotherapy. the primary aim of supportive psychotherapy is to comfort, advise, encourage, reassure, and mostly importantly listen attentively[4]. It has been used for patients suffering from emotional distress and stress to severe cases like schizophrenia, addictions, bulimia nervosa and other mental illnesses.[5] it is also used for neurological problems, mood disorders, anxiety related problems, sexual dysfuctions and disorders and almost all mental health related issues. Supportive Psychotherapy entails dealing with the individual's problems at hand in the present frame of time as well as the problems of the past. [6]
Supportive psychotherapy is used as an initial therapy, to be reduced and not to be prolonged, in situations or periods where there is a lack of means for a systematic approach or behaviorism. Examples of such situations include:
- critical negotiations
- volatile but unavoidable everyday life or decisive situations
- compromises (to introduce at least minimal operational, efficient relationship conditions) in long term, engaged relationships, based on lasting agreements
Supportive Psychotherapy often leads to improvement in adaptive and interpersonal function.[6] It is most often, also used as a means of psychotherapeutic support near termination of therapy.
This therapeutic modality focuses especially on developing adaptive capacities that take into account the patient’s limitations, including[7]:
- Personality traits that may be hindering
- Native ability (eg, impaired reality testing, decreased cognitive functioning, lower IQ, learning disabilities)
- Problems associated with life circumstances (eg, lower levels of education, low socioeconomic status, limited social support systems, problems related to migration)
A systematic review examined the effectiveness of supportive therapy for people with schizophrenia:
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| There are few data to identify clear differences in a series of outcomes between supportive therapy and more sophisticated therapies for people with schizophrenia.[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Internet-based
Internet-based supportive psychotherapy is a subset of supportive psychotherapy that is characterized by having a therapy session on an online (virtual) medium involving telephone, email and online chat forums. Supportive therapy would require affective mirroring (being able to understand the emotions of the patient and convey to back to them) and interpersonal warmth which may be a challenge on an online forum. However, virtual psychotherapy is on growing at a faster rate than ever before, but its promising outcomes are yet to be materialised. Ethical considerations related to online psychotherapy, in general also hold a firm footing[9].
Some studies suggest that genetics, animal studies and neuroscience may have an impact or play a role in supportive psychotherapy.[10]
See also
References
- ^ Winston, Arnold; Richard N. Rosenthal; & Henry Pinsker. Introduction to Supportive Psychotherapy. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004.
- ^ Winston, Arnold; Rosenthal, Richard; Muran, John (2001-01-01), Supportive psychotherapy, pp. 344–358, retrieved 2018-10-27
- ^ Dewald, P. A. (1994). "Principles of supportive psychotherapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 48 (4): 505–518. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1994.48.4.505. ISSN 0002-9564. PMID 7872414.
- ^ "Supportive Psychotherapy". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
- ^ Werman, David S. The Practice of Supportive Psychotherapy. New York, New York, Psychology Press, 1984.
- ^ a b Rosenthal, Richard N.; Muran, J. Christopher; Pinsker, Henry; Hellerstein, David; Winston, Arnold (1999). "Interpersonal Change in Brief Supportive Psychotherapy". The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 8 (1): 55–63. ISSN 1055-050X. PMC 3330523. PMID 9888107.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Rothe, Euginio (May 24, 2017). "Supportive Psychotherapy in Everyday Clinical Practice: It's Like Riding a Bicycle". Psychiatric Times.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b Buckley, L; Maayan, N; Soares-Weiser, K (2015). "Supportive therapy for schizophrenia". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4: CD004716.pub4. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004716.pub4.
- ^ "Online Psychotherapy". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
- ^ Appelbaum, Ann (2008). "Supportive Psychotherapy for Borderline Patients". Social Work in Mental Health. 6: 145–155.
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