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Among noted participants, Lovett with John O’Brien co-wrote “Finding A Way Toward Everyday Lives,” a paper cited by others in the disabilities field as a significant point in the early development of person-centered planningBrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 00:34, 28 February 2023 (UTC).

On line sources that show Lovett's influence and importance to person-centered planning

Person-Centered Planning: Early Origins and Development. (n.d.). Learning Community for Person-Centered Practices. Retrieved from https://www.learningcommunity.us/person-centered-planning-early-origins-and-development/ This blog post provides an overview of the history of person-centered planning and cites Herbert Lovett as an early advocate for the approach. Rizzolo, M. C. (2014). An Historical Perspective on Person-Centered Planning. National Association of Councils on Developmental Disabilities. Retrieved from https://nacdd.simpleviewinc.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/historical-perspective-on-pcp.pdf?sfvrsn=2 This article provides a historical overview of person-centered planning and cites Herbert Lovett as a key figure in the development of the approach. Center for Social Innovation. (2014, November 4). Person-Centered Planning: A Brief History and Its Role in Today's Social Services [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.center4si.com/person-centered-planning-brief-history-and-its-role-todays-social-services/ This blog post provides a brief history of person-centered planning and cites Herbert Lovett as one of the early advocates for the approach. National Gateway to Self-Determination. (n.d.). Person-Centered Planning and Self-Determination. Retrieved from https://www.ngsd.org/person-centered-planning-self-determination This article discusses the principles of person-centered planning and self-determination and cites Herbert Lovett as an early advocate for the approach. BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 22:37, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

3rd party references

Proposed sentence to be added to this article:

Noted by others working in the field of intellectual disabilities, Lovett's early contributions to establishing more Person-centered care in the context of deinstitutionalization includes influences on person-centered planning, self-advocacy, self-determination, and Positive behavior support.

Annotated References of the above for editor review:

1. Sanderson, H. (1997). People, Plans & Possibilities: Exploring Person Centred Planning. This book discusses the project in Manchester and includes experiences of person-centred planning in Scotland and Liverpool. It draws on the work of colleagues and mentors in the United States and Canada who have done much to change the culture of human services, including John O’Brien, Jack Pearpoint, Marsha Forest, Judith Snow, John McKnight, Michael Smull, Herb Lovett, Marilyn Wilson, and Beth Mount.

2. Cutler, B. C. (1993). You, Your Child, and Special Education: A Guide to Dealing with the System. Autism National Committee.Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. The author highlights the importance of recognizing competence in and giving respect to individuals with disabilities, citing Bill Condon and Herb Lovett as models who did this long before the self-advocacy movement was established.

3. Kluth, P. (2003). You're Going to Love This Kid!" Teaching Students with Autism in the Inclusive Classroom. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. Lovett is cited as pointing out the centrality of making connections with those whom teachers are hired to support in any work related to behavior support. He emphasizes the importance of educators showing their feelings and humanity to those they support and the significance of relationships in the context of ongoing commitment and mutual affection and regard. The author argues that the limitations of behaviorism must be realized, despite its popularity as a theory of learning that focuses on objectively observable behaviors. While some educators have challenged the usefulness of behaviorist technologies, Herb Lovett suggests that it is the application of behaviorism that is often found reprehensible and not behaviorism itself. The use of behavioral interventions often reduces complex social situations too simply. However, behavioral technology can be used to support behaviors and help students enhance their quality of life when used sensitively and grounded in positive relationships. The author also discusses the negative effects of rewards and reinforcement on students' motivation and behavior, which can result in frustrated teachers, unsuccessful students, and wasted time and energy. Lovett's explanation of how external reinforcement can lead to decreased motivation and effectiveness is given as an example. This book is a resource for teachers looking to teach students with autism in an inclusive classroom.

4. Power, A., Lord, J. E., & DeFranco, A. S. (2013). Active Citizenship and Disability: Implementing the Personalisation of Support. Cambridge University Press. The authors refer to the work of Jack Pearpoint, Marsha Forest, John McKnight, John McGee, Herb Lovett, Judith Snow, John O'Brien, Marc Gold, and Jean Vanier in critiques of group homes and advocates of self-determination. BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 13:47, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

Helen Sanderson

People, plans & possibilities: exploring person centred planning. H. Sanderson, 1997 "Person centred planning creates a compelling image of a desirable future and invites people to join with the person to make it happen O’Brien and Lovett" Featured quotation at front of book

Acknowledgements "This book describes what has been learned from the project in Manchester and includes experiences of person centred planning with people in Scotland and Liverpool. We hope that it adds to the emerging understanding of person centred planning in the UK. It draws on the work of our colleagues and mentors in the United States and Canada who have done so much to change the culture of human services. We have benefited from the ideas and insights of John O’Brien, Jack Pearpoint, Marsha Forest, Judith Snow, John McKnight, Michael Smull, Herb Lovett, Marilyn Wilson and Beth Mount." The meeting can stop and reconvene later if the person becomes agitated or leaves the room. Listening to the person is more important than finishing the meeting. However, often people who were not thought capable of sitting through a meeting, do so because they feel listened to and included. Herb Lovett describes how he used Individual Service Design with Steven. | spent a day designing a service for Steven, a 16 year old with autism whose behaviour was considered too difficult to allow him ever to live outside a ‘special’ institution. The staff on his unit insisted that Steven should not come to this meeting because he would only become upset and disruptive and could noBrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 12:04, 24 February 2023 (UTC)t pasinly sit through the entire day. They / 8 d that he did not speak. | entire day. Naturally, we would take breaks as a group, and ae to make meetings relaxed enough that people who need to stand up and stretch could do so without feeling disruptive. So | persuaded them that Steven should start the day 48 with us, hear the plan for the day, and if he needed to leave he could do so at any time without feeling he had somehow failed. And, like anyone else who might take a break, he should feel welcome if and when he decided to rejoin the group. So when we began, | explained to Steven that we would be going back over his life, that the day would be focused on talking about him, that this might be painful to hear, and that he should, like anyone else, feel free to take a break when he needed to. He gave no indication that | could see that he had heard me. Just as people had predicted, at the beginning he was restless and noisy, and someone left with him for a while. When he came back, people were talking about his childhood, but | asked them to add an extra piece. When they said that he had been placed in another foster home at age 3, | asked everyone present to guess what it would be like to experience that. | asked people to give adult language to a 3 year old’s feelings at having lost his birth family and a foster family, and being confronted with a new family yet again: /f you were Steven, how would you feel? People came up with some insightful and deeply felt guesses: | would feel | was bad. | would wonder why | was being punished. | would think no one loved me. As people were talking, their tones changed. Instead of the staccato, just-the-facts way we had been looking at his life, people took longer to speak up. Some people were considering their own experiences as children as they thought about Steven’s life. The room got quieter. Steven stopped pacing and sat quietly. By the end of the meeting, when people were talking about how a person this estranged and systematically rejected needed personal experiences of love and acceptance, Steven had curled up with his head in someone’s lap, calm and intent. It seemed to me that Steven had done two things. First, he had demonstrated to people how long he could concentrate on things when things were worth attending to. Second, he had served as a barometer for the group. When we began, people were pessimistic and unfocused. They were sure that ‘he couldn't ... he will never...’ Their predictions . were not as specific as they were negative. But as they became more aware of Steven as a person, they looked more at who he was rather than what he was not. By the end of the day, they were clear about what 49 he needed and what they could do to help him get it. Having experienced so much rejection, we wondered if he would want to live with a family. Not every teenager claims to need one, but we thought Steven did. He needed to have his abilities respected so that he could start looking for work. As the group’s optimism and sense of purpose increased, Steven steadily became calmer. Just as he had listened to the heart of people’s discussion, they were beginning to learn they could listen to the hidden heart of his behaviour.’20

Lovett and Lovett O'Brian cited throughout bookBrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:58, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ' O'Brien J and Lovett H (1992) ‘Finding a way toward everyday 1 lives’ Pennsylavania Office of Mental Retardation p 14 citationBrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:53, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 12:00, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

You, Your Child, and Special Education

A Guide to Dealing with the System REVISED Forewords by Paula F. Goldberg and Rosemary and Gunnar Dybwad BROOKES PUBLISHIN REVISED EDITION by Barbara Coyne Cutler, Ed.D. Autism National Committee with Sue Pratt, M.A. Consultant Baltimore « London « SydneyBrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:39, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

Other professionals to whom I am grateful include Doug Biklen who—consistent with his commitment to individuals and families in disability—was an early promoter of the book, sending me to Iowa for my first forum in informing and strengthening parents; Barry Prizant, who listened and trusted parents when it was not popular to do so; Barbara Bruno Golden, who went with me to my first IEP and showed me the importance of having your personal advocate with you at the IEP meeting; Bill Condon and Herb Lovett, models for us all, who recognized competence in and gave respect to individuals with disabilities long before the self-advocacy movement was established; and to Jeff Strully, who keeps pushing us forward. p. xv Aknowledgments BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:32, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

The Whole Community Catalogue

THE WHOLE COMMUNITY CATALOGUE COMPILED AND EDITED BY DAVID WETHEROW COMMUNITAS, INC. GUNNARS & CAMPBELL Manchester, Connecticut PUBLISHERS, INC. USA Winnipeg, Manitoba CANADA 1992 by Communitas, Inc.BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:23, 24 February 2023 (UTC) The Summer Institute in Integrated Education and Community: An International Event Marsha Forest and Evelyn Lusthaus, Directors Each summer, after the fourth of July and Canada Day, over 225 dedicated people arrive on the campus of Montreal's McGill University for the Annual International Summer Institute in Integrated Education and Community. This two week intensive learning experience has become an exciting “community of scholars" delving into the issues and practices of inclusive education and community building. The Summer Institute is an innovative immersion program focusing on strategies for the integration of people with challenging needs into schools and community. Courses for 1992 will include: Action for Inclusion - The Learning Community; The Challenge of Changing a School System; Strategies for Day to Day in the Classroom; Working for People with Difficult Behavior; Building Communities of Diversity. The Institute has always been more than simply courses. It is an attempt to build a cooperative and inclusive learning environment. The Institute strives to meet a variety of adult learning needs and styles by having a mix of workshops which include more traditional styles, and other more experimental and alternative approaches. The mix of students is an ingredient that makes the Summer Institute unique. Parents of children with challenging needs are encouraged to attend. Limited scholarships have been found for both parents and self advocates. Members of groups such as People First are a vital part of the community. Past and present faculty have included John O'Brien, John McKnight, Susan and Bill Stainback, Gordon Porter, Marsha Forest, Jack Pearpoint, Judith Snow, Herb Lovett, Jan Nesbitt, Jay Klein, George Flynn, Alison Ford, Doug Biklen, Sari Biklen, Harry Silverman, Evelyn Lusthaus, Michael Giangreco, Michael Callahan. For further information about the Institute, write: Evelyn Lusthaus McGill Summer Institute Faculty of Education 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1Y2 Phone (514) 398-4242 Fax (514) 398-6968.

Person-Centered Planning

"Person-centred planning The five accomplishments form the basis of various different approaches to supporting individuals in planning their own futures. Personcentred planning, developed in North America by O’Brien, Herb Lovett, Jack Pierpoint and Marsha Forest among others, is a term used to denote a variety of related approaches to planning while also promoting inclusive practices within local communities. It is based on an explicit value system that places the person at the centre of the process, emphasizes the importance of ‘respect for the dignity and completeness’ of that person and ‘a celebration of individuals’ uniqueness’ (O’Brien & Lovett 1992)." p. 174

citation: O’Brien J, Lovett H 1992 Finding a way toward everyday lives: the contribution of person centred planning. Pennsylvania Office of Mental Retardation, Pennsylvania p.183 Sociology and Occupational Therapy An Integrated Approach Edited by Derek Jones BA(Hons) DipCOT SROT Lecturer in Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy and Art Therapy, Queen Margaret College, Leith Campus, Edinburgh UK Sheena E. E. Blair uc. DipCOT SROT Senior Lecturer and Course Leader, Department of Occupational Therapy and Art Therapy, Queen Margaret College, Leith Campus, Edinburgh UK Terry Hartery BSc(Hons) MSocSc Lecturer in Sociology, Department of Management and Social Sciences, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh UK R. Kenneth Jones BA(Hons) Cert Rel Stud ACE PhD FCollP FRSA Lecturer in Health and Illness, Department of Management and Social Sciences, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh UK Foreword by Elizabeth Townsend pnd oT(c) RegNS Associate Professor and Director, School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA SYDNEY TORONTO TOKYO 1998 CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE An imprint of Harcourt Brace and Company Limited © Harcourt Brace and Company Limited 1998 Disa registered trade mark of Harcourt Brace and Company Limited 1998BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:09, 24 February 2023 (UTC)BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:20, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

Lovett Notability

Active Citizenship and Disability IMPLEMENTING THE PERSONALISATION OF SUPPORT ANDREW POWER University of Southampton JANET E. LORD BlueLaw International LLP ALLISON S. DEFRANCO BlueLaw International LLP KH Cambridge tHP UNIVERSITY PRESS First published 2013 Footnote 26. For critiques of group homes and advocates of self-determination, see the work by Jack Pearpoint and Marsha Forest, John McKnight, John McGee, Herb Lovett, Judith Snow, John O'Brien, Marc Gold, and Jean Vanier. p 129BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:00, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

Lovett and Behaviorism

"You're Going to Love This Kid!" Teaching Students with Autism in the Inclusive Classroom by Paula Kluth, Ph.D. Syracuse University with invited contributors 2003 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. Realize the Limitations of Behaviorism Behaviorism is the philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attention on what is observable; it is a theory of learning that focuses on objectively observable behaviors (Skinner, 1976). Many educators have challenged the usefulness of behaviorist technologies, but Herb Lovett suggested that it is the application of behaviorism that is often found reprehensible and not behaviorism itself: There is no reason we cannot pay attention both to research and to social realities. In working with persons labeled retarded, for example, we can use task analysis to make what is complex simpler. But my experience is that many per¬ sons using behavioral interventions reduce complex social situations too simply. (1985, p. 64) Certainly, sensitive practitioners have used elements of behavioral technology to support behaviors and to help students enhance quality of life (Donnellan & Leary, 1995; Lovett, 1985). In these cases, supports are designed m consultation with the person experiencing difficulty, are gentle and natural and are grounded in positive relationships. p. 174

"When an outsider is involved in reinforcing and rewarding us, we may be less motivated and, therefore, less effective in meeting our goals. If my sister decided how much healthy food I needed to eat in order to get my dessert or if my mother determined how strict I had to be with my budget or how much I could spend on the sports tickets, I might well lose my urge to "behave." As Herb Lovett explained, we need to pay attention to our own behaviors and our own lives when supporting people with disabilities: Think of some chore around your house that you do not much like. Suppose you can cope with house chores except for making the bed, doing the laundry, or shopping for groceries-something basically trivial but eventually unavoidable. Do you think you would do it more often if others around you automatically said, “Good bed making Karen!” (1985, p. 65) In general, using rewards and reinforcement to change a student's behavior results in frustrated teachers, "unsuccessful" students, and a lot of lost time and energy. And when students are successful, the problem may not be solved. A student who is rewarded when he doesn't pinch for 10 minutes might learn to quit pinching but begin kicking or hitting if the purpose of his pinching be¬ havior was to initiate a conversation with others." p175BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 11:41, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

3rd Party Sources on Lovett Notability

"You're Going to Love This Kid!" Teaching Students with Autism in the Inclusive Classroom by Paula Kluth, Ph.D. Syracuse University with invited contributors 2003 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. "Lovett (1996) pointed out how making connections with those whom teachers are hired to support is central to any other work they might do related to behavior support. He highlighted the importance of educators showing their feelings and their very humanity to those they support: A positive approach [to behavior issues] invites people to enter into the same sort of relationship that most of us have and treasure: ongoing, with mutual affection and regard. In such relationships, we all make mistakes, are all in some ways inadequate, and yet it is not the level of success that makes the relation¬ ship so satisfying to the people involved; it is the ongoing commitment. In the context of relationships, the success and failure of our work becomes harder to assess because the key element no longer involves simply quantity but the more complex issues of quality. We professionals have routinely overlooked the significance of relationships, (p. 137)" p BrainUnboxed2020 (talk) 10:50, 24 February 2023 (UTC)163

Herbert Lovett
Died	February, 1998
Education	Bowdoin College, Yale University, Harvard University, University of Rhode Island
Alma mater	University of Rhode Island
Occupation(s)	Psychologist, Advocate
Known for	Advocating for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Partner	Michael Dowling (partner of 20 years)

Early Draft of Article

Herbert Lovett, Ph.D. (d. February, 1998) was an American psychologist and advocate for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. He dedicated his life to promoting inclusive supports and equal access to education, work, housing, and human rights for children and adults with disabilities.

Education and Career

Dr. Lovett received his education from Bowdoin College, where he studied the classics, Yale University where he studied music theory, Harvard University where he studied education, and finally the University of Rhode Island where he earned a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. He worked as a faculty member at the University of New Hampshire and also served as a consultant, traveling throughout the United States and the world to bring about changes in the treatment and perception of individuals with behavioral difficulties. He co-founded and served as past president of the Autism National Committee, and worked with national and state leaders in the US to develop policies and practices promoting positive supports. He also served on the Joint Commission on International Aspects of Mental Retardation of the World Health Organization and was an advisor to People First of Ontario.

Advocacy and Contributions

Dr. Lovett was a vocal opponent of the use of punishment and aversive procedures in the treatment of individuals with autism and difficult behaviors. He actively waged a battle against the Behavioral Research Institute (now the Judge Rottenberg Center) to stop such practices. His two books, "Cognitive Counseling and Persons with Special Needs" (1985) and "Learning to Listen: Positive Approaches and People with Difficult Behavior" (1996), were instrumental in the creation of an international movement advocating for the use of positive behavioral supports.

Personal Life

Dr. Lovett was also a musician, writer, and community activist. He lived in South Boston with his partner of 20 years, artist Michael Dowling, and opened his home to friends, family, and those in need. He is survived by his partner, godsons, nieces and nephews, and extended family, as well as thousands of friends and colleagues.

Legacy

Herbert Lovett will be remembered for his humanity, generosity, humility, and wicked humor. His dedication to promoting equal rights and dignity for individuals with disabilities continues to inspire those in the field.

Smith Goldfoot

Several authors who criticized involvement of the Christian right in the Arab-Israeli conflict refer to Chuck Smith’s association with a movement to rebuild Solomon's Temple on or near the site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque. They argue that by the mid-eighties some pre-millennial church leaders, such as Smith, went beyond simply hoping for the rapture. [3] [4] [5][6] In September 1984, writer Grace Halsell reported that Calvary Chapel gave $25,000 to Terry J. Reisenhoover’s Jerusalem Temple Mount Foundation. The foundation, she wrote,“raises money for Jewish West Bank militants” and helped provide funds to Stanley Goldfoot. According to her interview with foundation chariman Reisenhoover, Goldfoot was said by him to be “a very solid, legitimate terrorist…He has the qualifications for clearing a site for the temple.” Chuck Smith, according to Halsell, said he had “a common interest” with Goldfoot “in seeing the temple rebuilt.”[7] David S. New quotes an interview in which Smith said “Do you want a real radical? Try Stanley Goldfoot. He’s a wonder. His plan for the Temple Mount is to take some sticks of dynamite and some M16s, and blow up the Dome of the Rock and al Aqsa Mosque, and just lay claim to the site.”(p. 130) While soliciting donations to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple, Goldfoot is reported by these sources have given a talk at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa(though Halsell notes, in this instance, Goldfoot never mentioned using violence).

The Los Angeles Times compared statements by Chuck Smith, following the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, to widely denounced remarks of Jerry Falwell. “Pastors such as Smith and Falwell and television host Robertson have taken it even one step further. They have said U.S. Supreme Court decisions supporting the separation of church and state, the acceptance of the “homosexual life style,” and millions of abortions contributed to last weeks attacks. “ [8]

^ New, David S. HOLY WAR: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish and Islamic Fundamentalism--2002 ^ Gorenberg, Gershom. The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount– 2000 ^ Kaplan, Jeffrey. Millennial violence: past, present and future ^ Halsell, Grace. Forcing God's Hand: Why Millions Pray for a Quick Rapture--And Destruction of Planet. ^ Halsell, Grace. Shrine Under Siege. August - September 1984 The Link - Volume 17, Issue 3 Published by Americans for Middle East Understanding. https://www.ameu.org/The-Link/Archives/Shrine-Under-Siege.aspx

Herbert Lovett, Ph.D.

(d. February, 1998) was an American psychologist and advocate for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. He dedicated his life to promoting inclusive supports and equal access to education, work, housing, and human rights for children and adults with disabilities.

Education and Career

Dr. Lovett received his education from Bowdoin College, where he studied the classics, Yale University where he studied music theory, Harvard University where he studied education, and finally the University of Rhode Island where he earned a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. He worked as a faculty member at the University of New Hampshire and also served as a consultant, traveling throughout the United States and the world to bring about changes in the treatment and perception of individuals with behavioral difficulties. He co-founded and served as past president of the Autism National Committee, and worked with national and state leaders in the US to develop policies and practices promoting positive supports. He also served on the Joint Commission on International Aspects of Mental Retardation of the World Health Organization and was an advisor to People First of Ontario.

Advocacy and Contributions

Dr. Lovett was a vocal opponent of the use of punishment and aversive procedures in the treatment of individuals with autism and difficult behaviors. He actively waged a battle against the Behavioral Research Institute (now the Judge Rottenberg Center) to stop such practices. His two books, "Cognitive Counseling and Persons with Special Needs" (1985) and "Learning to Listen: Positive Approaches and People with Difficult Behavior" (1996), were instrumental in the creation of an international movement advocating for the use of positive behavioral supports.

Personal Life

Dr. Lovett was also a musician, writer, and community activist. He lived in South Boston with his partner of 20 years, artist Michael Dowling, and opened his home to friends, family, and those in need. He is survived by his partner, godsons, nieces and nephews, and extended family, as well as thousands of friends and colleagues.

Legacy

Herbert Lovett will be remembered for his humanity, generosity, humility, and wicked humor. His dedication to promoting equal rights and dignity for individuals with disabilities continues to inspire those in the field.

Herbert Lovett

https://inclusion.com/marsha-forest-centre/in-memoriam/herb-lovett/

https://www.wob.com/en-us/books/author/herbert-lovett

https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15854119W/Cognitive_counseling_and_persons_with_special_needs?edition=ia%3Acognitivecounsel00love

https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2966588W/Learning_to_listen?edition=ia%3Alearningtolisten0000love

The Politics of Sacred Space The Old City of Jerusalem in the Middle East Conflict, Michael Dumper 2002

Faithful of the Temple Mount. Established in 1967, this is the oldest of the Temple Mount groups. A frequent spokesperson for the group is Gershon Solomon, who has publicly supported the settler activities in the Muslim quarters. The Faithful are frequently arrested trying to pray and smuggle flags into the Haram area on Jewish feast days. In 1983 they won an Israeli High Court case permitting them to pray at the Bab al-Maghribiyya, above the Western Wall plaza. They also advocate the establishment of a Temple Mount authority and Israeli sovereignty over the area. Members of the Faithful are drawn primarily from the Kach Party and Gush Emunim and tend to be less religiously orthodox than the other groups. A prominent member of the group is Stanley Goldfoot, formerly of the Stern Gang, who is also international secretary of the Temple Mount Foundation, a wealthy Christian fundamentalist organization in the United States that supports the building of a Jewish temple in the Haram area. Goldfoot is said to channel funds from the Foundation to the Faithful and settler groups in the Muslim quarters (see below). In 1993, the group sought to prevent the Awqaf Administration from carrying out restoration work in the Haram compound and took a number of Israeli bodies to court for permitting such work to carry on. Although the judgment ultimately went against the Temple Mount Faithful on the grounds of high politics and security reasons, it also established a platform from which further legal and political arguments could be made.31

The Temple Mount Foundation. This is the main Christian Zionist group active in the plans to build a Jewish temple in the Haram area. Chaired by an American fundamentalist from Texas, Terry Reisenhoover, its international secretary is Stanley Goldfoot from the Faithful of the Temple Mount group. The Temple Mount Foundation, sometimes known as the Jerusalem Temple Foundation, was originally established to provide funds for the legal fees of the Jewish terrorists who were charged with conspiring to blow up the two Muslim sites in the Haram area and the attempted murder of three West Bank mayors.

The main beliefs of the Foundation stem from a development in Christian fundamentalist thought known as “dispensationalism.” Dispensationalism places present-day Israel in the center of world events by asserting that the ingathering of the Jews is a prelude to the last days and the Second Coming of the Messiah. Rebuilding Solomon’s Temple in the Haram area will hasten the arrival of the Messiah. Dispensationalists fully welcome the conflict that the destruction of the Muslim holy places would generate, seeing this as the prophetic Armageddon, which will herald the new age.

The Foundation received support from a wide range of Christian fundamentalist organizations such as Jerry Falwell’s Moral Majority as well as High Adventures, Inc., and other televangelists such as Jimmy Swaggart. It also received funds from the Recanati brothers, co-owners of the Israeli Discount Bank, and support from Professor Moshe Sharon of Tel Aviv University. The Foundation sought to raise U.S.$100 million annually for its activities in Jerusalem. Since the trial of the Jewish terrorists, the

The Jewish Community 57

Foundation has directed its work toward assisting groups seeking to elimi¬ nate Muslim control over the Haram area. Money has been sent to the Faithful, reputedly U.S.$50,000, and plans have been drawn up to purchase the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque and transfer it stone by stone to Saudi Arabia. Reportedly the Foundation has also contributed to the preparation work of Ateret Cohanim by buying cedar wood from Lebanon, which is to be used for the construction of the temple, and by direct financial contributions.32

There is then a clear and admitted linkage between the Foundation, the Faithful of the Temple Mount, and Ateret Cohanim. What is not clear is whether funds from the Foundation to Ateret Cohanim are used for settle¬ ment purposes. In this context it is interesting to note a Jerusalem Post report that in the mid-1980s Ateret Cohanim had considerable debts.33 This suggests that Foundation contributions are either small amounts or specifically earmarked for temple research and preparation only. The International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem (ICEJ). The ICEJ is involved with the proposed temple plans to a lesser extent than the Foundation. Established in 1980 after the refusal of most Western Christian countries to move their embassies to Jerusalem, the ICEJ seeks to mobilize Christian support for Israel. The current director is Jan Willem van der Hoeven. The group’s theology and supporters are fundamentalist, equating present-day Israel with biblical Israel. The Embassy had strong South African connections.

Its main activities to date have been to attract Christian fundamentalists to the annual Jewish Feast of the Tabernacles. The program includes tours of Israel and the occupied territories, and their final ceremonies in Jerusalem are addressed by the president and the prime minister of Israel. In 1985 the ICEJ held the First Christian Zionist Conference in Basle, emulating the first Zionist congress held there in the nineteenth century. Although the ICEJ denies giving money to any of the Temple Mount groups or settler groups, it does inform people of their activities, and those wishing to donate funds are directed to Stanley Goldfoot of the Faithful. The ICEJ also sells milleniarist literature and a cassette narrated by the cur¬ rent director describing the proposed temple. There is no evidence, however, that the ICEJ has been directly involved in settlement activities. While the evidence available on the organizational links between the Temple Mount groups and the settlers in the Muslim quarters is sparse, overlapping membership and common ideological purposes ensure a reasonably close coordination in activities. One can speculate that the differences that do arise are more of a question of emphasis and method rather than ultimate purpose. One can draw attention here to the position of Ateret 53

The Temple Mount Foundation. This is the main Christian Zionist group active in the plans to build a Jewish temple in the Haram area. Chaired by an American fundamentalist from Texas, Terry Reisenhoover, its international secretary is Stanley Goldfoot from the Faithful of the Temple Mount group. The Temple Mount Foundation, sometimes known as the Jerusalem Temple Foundation, was originally established to provide funds for the legal fees of the Jewish terrorists who were charged with conspiring to blow up the two Muslim sites in the Haram area and the attempted murder of three West Bank mayors. The main beliefs of the Foundation stem from a development in Christian fundamentalist thought known as “dispensationalism.” Dispensationalism places present-day Israel in the center of world events by asserting that the ingathering of the Jews is a prelude to the last days and the Second Coming of the Messiah. Rebuilding Solomon’s Temple in the Haram area will hasten the arrival of the Messiah. Dispensationalists fully welcome the conflict that the destruction of the Muslim holy places would generate, seeing this as the prophetic Armageddon, which will herald the new age.

The Foundation received support from a wide range of Christian fundamentalist organizations such as Jerry Falwell’s Moral Majority as well as High Adventures, Inc., and other televangelists such as Jimmy Swaggart. It also received funds from the Recanati brothers, co-owners of the Israeli Discount Bank, and support from Professor Moshe Sharon of Tel Aviv University. The Foundation sought to raise U.S.$100 million annually for its activities in Jerusalem. Since the trial of the Jewish terrorists, the

The Jewish Community 57

Foundation has directed its work toward assisting groups seeking to eliminate Muslim control over the Haram area. Money has been sent to the Faithful, reputedly U.S.$50,000, and plans have been drawn up to purchase the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque and transfer it stone by stone to Saudi Arabia. Reportedly the Foundation has also contributed to the preparation work of Ateret Cohanim by buying cedar wood from Lebanon, which is to be used for the construction of the temple, and by direct financial contributions.32

There is then a clear and admitted linkage between the Foundation, the Faithful of the Temple Mount, and Ateret Cohanim. What is not clear is whether funds from the Foundation to Ateret Cohanim are used for settlement purposes. In this context it is interesting to note a Jerusalem Post report that in the mid-1980s Ateret Cohanim had considerable debts.33 This suggests that Foundation contributions are either small amounts or specifically earmarked for temple research and preparation only. The International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem (ICEJ). The ICEJ is involved with the proposed temple plans to a lesser extent than the Foundation. Established in 1980 after the refusal of most Western Christian countries to move their embassies to Jerusalem, the ICEJ seeks to mobilize Christian support for Israel. The current director is Jan Willem van der Hoeven. The group’s theology and supporters are fundamentalist, equating present-day Israel with biblical Israel. The Embassy had strong South African connections.

Its main activities to date have been to attract Christian fundamentalists to the annual Jewish Feast of the Tabernacles. The program includes tours of Israel and the occupied territories, and their final ceremonies in Jerusalem are addressed by the president and the prime minister of Israel. In 1985 the ICEJ held the First Christian Zionist Conference in Basle, emu¬ lating the first Zionist congress held there in the nineteenth century. Although the ICEJ denies giving money to any of the Temple Mount groups or settler groups, it does inform people of their activities, and those wishing to donate funds are directed to Stanley Goldfoot of the Faithful. The ICEJ also sells milleniarist literature and a cassette narrated by the current director describing the proposed temple. There is no evidence, however, that the ICEJ has been directly involved in settlement activities.

While the evidence available on the organizational links between the Temple Mount groups and the settlers in the Muslim quarters is sparse, overlapping membership and common ideological purposes ensure a reasonably close coordination in activities. One can speculate that the differences that do arise are more of a question of emphasis and method rather than ultimate purpose. One can draw attention here to the position of

Ateret 56-57

The Alster Files: The Truth As I See It. Joseph Alster 2001 (Press Secretary for Mier Kahane)

It was in 1991 that a group of dedicated men and women formed a new organization called “Defenders of Jewish Prisoners of Conscience.” The group is still in existence. Its aims are to provide legal defense and advice for Jewish prisoners of conscience who are unable to afford the high costs of defense; to maintain contact with prisoners’ relatives who live abroad; to watch out for their general well-being; and especially, to provide for their daily material needs (e.g., candy, cigarettes, radios, reading material, medications, clothing, canteen money, funds for their families). Our efforts are to lessen their physical suffering, to represent them in contacts with the authorities and, above all, to fortify their spirits. I was in charge of writing the manifesto for the organization which read: “No court nor government in the State of Israel is entitled to trample on the rights of any patriotic Jewish prisoners of conscience, in the mistaken belief that they can be made to suffer long, unjust prison terms in order to please the non- Jewish world while releasing Arab terrorists by the thousands — to roam again in our cities and highways, murdering and mutilating our people. We, defenders of patriotic Jewish prisoners of conscience, will not stand idly by while our brave and loyal sons and daughters are being railroaded by our government, to languish their very precious lives away in our prisons.” I was elected general secretary of the organization and Stanley Goldfoot as its treasurer — both of us still hold these positions today. By the way, Stanley was instrumental in getting legal authorization from the Israeli government to function as a non-profit organization. 81-82

Coming from such a mother, one would assume that he would be more lenient towards the heroic Jewish prisoners. After years of doing absolutely nothing for them and everything for the Arab terrorists, Hanegbi and President Weizman stubbornly refused to release any Jewish prisoners of conscience until recently, when a decision was made to reduce their sentences. The reduction, however, was not sufficient for many of them, who will still have to serve many more years in their cells. The Arab prisoners, on the other hand, are being released without appeal or reduction. Although I am all for reductions in sentences, | still question the real reason for the complete reversal of the standard policy of keeping the Jewish political prisoners until the end of their sentences. Exceptions have been made only when political influence was used to pressure the government. Those who defend their people and their land should be proclaimed national heroes and not be allowed to sit a single day in jail. Why is it in this twisted world of ours that only people of means and power can make the impossible happen? It is not fair to those who don’t have such support. So what is the answer to the riddle of why the government showed unexpected kindness to those who are suffering the type of degradation and shame shown only to hardened criminals? Perhaps it is the May 1999 elections, or maybe people are finally questioning the logic of releasing terrorists and keeping their own locked up. At the beginning of Hanegbi’s new position as justice minister, Stanley Goldfoot, a good friend of mine and supposedly of Hanegbi’s family, tried numerous times to arrange an appointment with him to discuss the plight of the Jewish prisoners. Each time, his secretary made excuses — the minister was too busy. Stanley, a man in his mid-80s who had fought valiantly for the creation of the Jewish State, was terribly disappointed. However, I was not surprised. I can usually tell someone’s character at first glance. The first time I laid eyes on Hanegbi, he looked like a fugitive from an insane asylum — someone who had made it big after having fallen into a pot of something. I did not have to go all the way back — as good old Stanley did — to when little Zachi was still in diapers to know who he was. Although his mother had been a staunch advocate for what is right, Geula also betrayed her principles when she betrayed Rabbi Meir Kahane. It was the 1988 elections, and her Tehiya party was being threatened by the popularity of the Kach party. So, she introduced a law to ban anyone with dual citizenship from running in the election. She succeeded in eliminating Rabbi Kahane, the best man who ever served in the Knesset; but she also eliminated herself and her entire party in the process. Divine intervention? No doubt about it. There is an old Jewish proverb that is worth remembering: “If someone digs a hole for the other person to fall in, he will ultimately be trapped in it himself.” 84-85

As my dear friend Stanley Goldfoot so accurately put it, “we have the best and the worst in our land.” In the category of the best, I am certain Stanley is referring to our brave young men and women who serve in the army to protect and fight for our land, to the ones who learn Torah all day keeping the line open to our Creator, and to the ones who rush to other lands to help those unfortunate souls whose lives are at risk. Time and time again, the government and the people of Israel reach out to help countries that have gone through traumatic times — earthquakes, floods, civil wars where brother is massacring brother. Thank G-d that our collective Jewish heart is still alive and well in our beloved Land. 90 We need to plead for forgiveness for the 18,000 Jewish heroes who died and continue to die in battle for the Stateof Israel — fighting in the underground against the British, War of Liberation 1947-1948, Sinai Campaign 1956, Six-Day War 1967, Yom Kippur War 1973, Operation Peace for Galilee 1982 and the ongoing struggle in Lebanon and within our borders. A dear friend and Jewish veteran of Israel’s wars, Stanley Goldfoot, wrote the following prayer and distributed it as a leaflet: “We let you down. Please forgive us. May G-d save us from our traitorous acts, redeem us from our abandonment of our true Jewish values, and lead us to the vindication of the noble sacrifice 132: THE ALSTER FILES of our martyrs. Our stupidity and meanness of spirit placed the existence of Israel in jeopardy. Save the future of our children and preserve the State. May G-d and our dead heroes forgive us.” There is always something brewing in this little land of ours but, unfortunately, not often for the good. One cannot die of boredom here, but one can easily die of a broken heart. At times, I need to express my pent-up feelings and, therefore, I write letters. One such letter dated March 15, 1994 to The Jerusalem Post read as follows: 131-132

Appeals are very expensive and can drag on for long periods of time. Our organization, Defenders of Jewish Prisoners of Conscience, tries to raise funds to assist, especially those with families, in paying the exorbitant legal fees that sometimes run into thousands of dollars. To make matters even gloomier, I personally have not heard of a single successful case. It is as if the defense lawyer himself is playing against a stacked deck. The Jewish political prisoner has as good a chance of winning an appeal or a reduction in sentence as a Chinaman has in swimming across the vast Pacific from Hong Kong to the Golden Gate. The judges and prosecutors in the appeals court are the same people who convicted these prisoners in the first place. For example, Stanley Goldfoot and I were at Tanya Suskin’s trial. At the break, we approached the prosecutor to ask him why he was fighting so vigorously to send this young girl to jail. Didn’t he think the punishment was much more severe than the crime, especially in comparison to what the Arabs were doing to us every day? He answered sardonically that her punishment was for throwing stones at an Arab car and not for painting the pig and Mohammed. He went on to say that he would have to face his leftist colleagues who might not take it lightly ifhe let her get away with it. We were stunned by his remarks. I told him that Tanya deserved a medal from the government and not punishment for having the guts to fight back. In the end, Tanya was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison. Tanya’s trial confirmed that the Israeli judicial system is unjust and, at times, even corrupt. In violation of Jewish law, it denied her her basic human rights to a fair trial. Laws and courts are made to function for the good of society and not to be used as political statements. This is the worst violation of trust and justice, and such a corrupt system must be stopped at once. 292

THE BERNADOTTE MURDER Lockard, Joe . Jerusalem Post ; Jerusalem [Jerusalem]. 27 June 1995: 06.

Readers' Letters Sir, - It is astonishingly rare for a man to write a letter to the editor proudly declaring his complicity in political murder. The unapologetic contents of Stanley Goldfoot's letter (June 13) exhibit the depraved hubris of a terrorist, one still convinced that he was a source of historical salvation. In fact, the UN document that Goldfoot "reveals" in self-justification has been in the public record for decades. Rather than suppressing the Bernadotte Plan, the assassination garnered major international attention and support for it, including that of US Secretary of State George Marshall. It was the task of Israel's newly constituted government to counter Bernadotte's recommendations through diplomatic means, not that of Lehi (or, allegedly, Goldfoot) to pursue political vigilantism through the Capone-style rub-out of two Swedish UN officials. We do not know the truth of Mr. Goldfoot's statements. In order that the recently reiterated apology by Foreign Minister Shimon Peres not remain an empty gesture, it is incumbent upon the government and responsible police officials to open an investigation of their accuracy. The historical memory and legal means that have enabled the government to pursue other long-ago murder charges should be brought to bear on the Bernadotte case. If nothing else emerges from Goldfoot's expressions, they serve to remind us that Baruch Goldstein's more recent act can claim many spiritual fathers. ~~ JOE LOCKARD, Jerusalem.

THE BERNADOTTE PLAN Goldfoot, Stanley . Jerusalem Post ; Jerusalem [Jerusalem]. 13 June 1995: 06.

Readers' Letters Sir, - Acting on orders from LHI (Stern Group) High Command, I planned and helped organize the execution of Count Folke Bernadotte in Jerusalem - September 17, 1948, at 17:10 hours. This historic, vital operation was necessitated by the Bernadotte Plan which virtually prescribed the strangulation of the new-born Jewish State at birth. I now have this nefarious plan in my possession, released from the UN archives. Amongst other obstacles on the development of a Jewish State, the plan called for the internationalization of Jerusalem (in collaboration with certain elements in the Provisional Israel government) - "which must under no circumstances become a Jewish city" (page 33); future Jewish immigration to the "proposed state" must be severely restricted under the control of the UN; no further Jewish settlement must be allowed in Galilee and existing settlements be prevented from expanding. Had Bernadotte lived, the Jewish State would have been still born - as Ben Gurion conceded to his private bodyguard, ex-LHI member Yehoshua Cohen. All these facts, and more, are well known to the present Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and his cronies and his underlings. None of them would have had a job today, because there would have been no state. Thus, Peres's recent "condemnation" of the Bernadotte execution is a cheap political trick, and his "apology" to the Bernadotte family is an act of rank hypocrisy. Peres should rather apologize to the Jewish nation for the disaster he is bringing upon us. STANLEY GOLDFOOT, Jerusalem.

GENESIS 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War, Dan Kurzman, 1970

xiv

Among the persons who were kind enough to grant me personal interviews (identified by the positions they held during the war) were: Stanley Goldfoot—Stern Group officer

557

According to Sheib, word was immediately sent to Zetler (who had returned to Jerusalem) that a decision had been reached to kill Bernadotte. Zetler promptly called a meeting of his top lieutenants at the Sternist camp headquarters. Aside from Zetler himself, who was to exercise overall command of the operation, the two key men, it was decided, were to be his new deputy, Joshua Cohen, and his intelligence officer, Stanley Goldfoot. Goldfoot, lanky and distinguished-looking, had immigrated to Palestine about 10 years earlier from the Union of South Africa, where he had fervently advocated (and still does today) rigid application of apartheid as the only means of warding off a black slaughter of whites. With the same passion, he now started gathering every detail of information about Bernadotte’s habits and traveling schedule that might be useful; as a contributor to Israeli and overseas publications, he had the access to people and places that only a journalist can gain.

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At the Sternist camp in the New City, Zetler, too, glanced at his watch and pursed his lips in agitation. Things were not going as planned. Goldfoot had just reported that the Bernadotte party would remain in the Old City The Deadly Truce

561

longer than expected. Did that mean that the meeting with Dov Joseph had been cancelled? Perhaps Bernadotte wouldn’t return to the New City after all. And the longer the delay, the greater the chance that the plot would leak out. He and his aides had planned and replanned every detail for a week. They had, for example, piled up stones and barrels on the roadside at a number of points along routes the party was likely to take through the New City. Thus, a partial roadblock could be constructed at any one point at a moment’s notice. But after all the careful preparation, everything seemed uncertain now. As the tension rose among the few Sternists aware of the plan, violent arguments broke out between Goldfoot and Zetler. Goldfoot made it clear that he considered Zetler a panicky bungler, and Zetler raged that Goldfoot was pretentious and insubordinate. Late in the afternoon, Goldfoot angrily jumped into a jeep and drove to the government press office in the center of the city, hoping to pick up some hint of Bernadotte’s plans. He found the reporters’ room deserted, as it usually was on Friday afternoons just before the Sabbath. But he heard the crackle of a radio in the office of the press information officer. He pressed his ear to the door and listened to an amplifier feeding official information to the press officer for screening and distribution to newsmen. Count Bernadotte, he learned, would enter the New City about 5 p.m. and pass over the road that ran near the Sternist camp. Goldfoot dashed out and sped back to the camp. Within minutes (just before 4 p.m.) another jeep with four men raced from the camp to a point hardly 500 yards away along the road. The khaki-uniformed passengers quickly constructed a stone and barrel roadblock that protruded into the road enough to allow one vehicle to block it completely but not enough to disturb normal traffic meanwhile. Then the driver parked the jeep behind the makeshift “wall” and the four men slouched in their seats, pulled their visored caps over their faces so that passers-by could not identify them, and tried to look like bored and indifferent soldiers relaxing in the sun on a quiet autumn afternoon. About 100 yards away, at the crest of the grade the Bernadotte party would climb, two other men stood on the roadside in anxious silence. Zetler and Goldfoot, interrupting their feud, did not want to miss the show that was to shake the world.

BEN QURION: PROPHET of FIRE, Dan Kurzman, 1983

300

The decision was immediately relayed to the Sternist commander in Jerusalem, Yehoshua Zetler, who, with Stanley Gold foot, his intelligence officer, and Yehoshua Cohen, his deputy, would carry out the plot. Goldfoot, lanky and elegant, had immigrated from South Africa, where he had passionately backed apartheid. With the same passion he now learned every detail he could about Bernadotte's habits and schedule, and as an accredited journalist he had access to vital information. On the afternoon of September 17, 1948, Bernadotte was scheduled to visit the Jewish sector of Jerusalem, but he was behind schedule. As tensions rose in the Sternist camp, Goldfoot sped

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in a jeep to the government press office, hoping to learn something, and there he heard an amplifier feeding information to the press officer. Bernadotte would enter the New City at five o'clock and pass over the road that ran near the Sternist camp. Goldfoot rushed back to the camp, and just before four o'clock four men in khaki drove their jeep to a point some five hundred yards away. About two minutes after five, they sighted a convoy of three cars approaching, the third one with a United Nations flag flying from one front fender and a white one from the other. The jeep swung around into the middle of the road, forcing the convoy to a halt. As one of the men in the jeep approached the last vehicle, the passengers in the rear seat reached for their passes. Yehoshua Cohen calmly stuck the barrel of his weapon through the open window and fired a burst. Count Bernadotte sank back in his seat, riddled with bullets, though as a hemophiliac he might have died from a scratch.

Walking with the Damned: The Shocking Murder of the Man Who Freed 30,000 Prisoners from the Nazis Ted Schwarz PARAGON HOUSE New York First edition, 1992

299 The plotters were experienced in justifying their acts. They were the ones who had helped plan such deaths as the murder of Lord Moyne. If anything, Bernadotte was seen as more important, since he represented not just Britain but the entire United Nations. The slaying of Bernadotte would send a message that no country or group of countries had the right to interfere in the actions of the new state of Israel. It would also eliminate the threat that Bernadotte's beliefs might be accepted by the moderate Jews in power. There would be discrepancies among the stories of the three men involved. What is certain, however, is that the murder was to take place and that the identities of the killers would be hidden. Jewish patriots

300

would destroy a symbol of foreign intervention. Specifically, to name the Stern gang would change the image to one of an action by extremists outside the mainstream political structure. The three plotters decided to create a group called Fatherland Front that would take credit for the assassination of Bernadotte. Yehoshua Zetler was to lead a group of top Sternists in the assassination. He would primarily rely upon his assistant, Joshua Cohen, and the intelligence-gathering work of Stanley Goldfoot. Goldfoot immediately began surveillance of Bernadotte to determine when and where the murder * could take place. There was knowledge that some form of violence was going to occur, though no one was certain just where. The American consuls general of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv had both heard rumors concerning a forthcoming assassination, most likely of Bernadotte. They began seeking advice concerning the problem, but the police felt that there was too much loose talk for a serious threat. The more a terrorist spoke, the less likely he was to act. It was what was not said that could prove deadly

Unknown to Bernadotte, Stern gang member Stanley Goldfoot had the UN mediator and his entourage under close surveillance. The changes in Bernadotte's activity were upsetting. Everything had been planned around the count's original itinerary, which Goldfoot and his men had managed to obtain a week earlier. They had placed barrels and small piles of rocks at various points along the roadside; these could be used to create partial roadblocks at a moment's notice. Such blocks would slow the Bernadotte party and allow areas for assassination. Late Friday afternoon, Goldfoot drove to the government press office in Jerusalem to try to learn of Bernadotte's changed plans. It was a time when the office was generally deserted. The sabbath would start at sun down, most of the men and women leaving early, using the sabbath as their excuse to get off work. However, he was able to overhear the radio being used by the press information officer, a man cleared to learn all the plans, then to provide only so much information as could be given out without compromising security. The radio reported that Bernadotte would enter the New City at 5:00p.m. and indicated the route Bernadotte would take. There was roughly an hour to plan the assassination by the time Goldfoot returned to camp. Four men were dispatched to create an obstruction that would allow only one vehicle to pass at a time. A Jeep was parked by the makeshift wall, four men and a driver sitting inside—all dressed as soldiers and in the stance of men goofing off under the hot sun. The road rose to a high point approximately a hundred yards away, a natural slowing point for anyone traveling the area. Two other men, Goldfoot and Yehoshua Zetler, positioned themselves nearby so that they could view what happened to Bernadotte. Bernadotte and his party traveled to the Jewish agricultural school located near the area where he had been able to watch the Arabs bomb the road. The school was occupied by Israeli soldiers who claimed that they were caretakers of the facility. The count knew that the men were in fact using the school for strategic purposes. He decided to check the formal truce regulations to see how to word the violation, then to com plain to Jewish officials so the school could be temporarily evacuated. The information Bernadotte needed was in the YMCA. Three cars.

A Hero's Fate Is Sealed • 303

traveling as a convoy, began the trip. The first two vehicles were United Nations cars. The third, holding Bernadotte, was driven by Colonel Frank Begley, the head of the count's security force and a former Connecticut state patrolman. Beside him was a Commander Cox, also an American. Bernadotte sat in the far right passenger seat in back. Colonel Andre Serot, an observer for the French, in the middle, and General Aage Lundstrom on the left. Their car was bearing the United Nations flag. The lead cars were identified by flags of the Red Cross. There was no way anyone observing the convoy could mistake it for anything other than what it was. Since the vehicles were unprotected from sniper fire, they moved quickly through the neutral zone, slowing only at the Israeli check point, where the guard seemed to not know what to do. He lowered, raised, lowered, and raised the barrier, then lowered it completely as the convoy came to a complete halt. The guard tried to explain his uncertainty about how to treat observers. However, when the driver of the lead car shouted at the guard, he raised the barrier long enough for all three vehicles to pass through. No one in the vehicles realized that the movement of the barrier had been a signal to the assassination team. The foot of the Hill of Evil was located not far from the barrier. It was the place where Satan was said to have tempted Jesus, a fitting location for the four assassins to make their move. The leep in which they were riding was backed onto the road, blocking the way. It appeared that the men were trying to turn their vehicle around at a bad location. No suspicion was aroused, but the convoy had to come to a complete halt. It seemed as though the men in the leep suddenly noticed the convoy. Three of them jumped out, two moving to the right, one to the left, as though they were going to make an inspection to see if the vehicle was authorized. Again the driver of the lead car explained that they should be left alone. In Hebrew he shouted "It's all right. This is a United Nations convoy. Let us pass." The two men on the right slowed their pace, diverting attention toward themselves as the third man started running to the last car. Inside the vehicle, Bernadotte, Serot, and the others reached for their passes. They, too, assumed that this was simply a routine check of an unfamiliar group of cars. Suddenly the third man thrust a Sten gun through the window and began shooting. Serot was killed instantly. Bernadotte, who was wear ing his Red Cross uniform, complete with decorations, at first appeared not to be hit. Then Lundstrom, who was ignored in the attack, noticed

304 • Walking with the Damned

that the decorations were oozing blood. Bullets from the Sten gun had stitched holes across the medals and ribbons. He was alive, though barely. The moment the Sten gun appeared. Col. Begley leaped out of the car and tried to wrestle with the gunman. He was not shot, but the gunfire was so close to his face that he was severely burned from the flash of the exploding powder in the bullet shells. The two men who had been on the right fired their guns into the tires of the lead cars. The third car was not struck and Begley managed to get back inside and drive to the hospital as the assassins made their escape. Bernadotte, a hemophiliac, had no chance to survive once wounded. He was dead on arrival. Late Friday afternoon, Goldfoot drove to the government press office in Jerusalem to try to learn of Bernadotte's changed plans. It was a time when the office was generally deserted. The sabbath would start at sundown, most of the men and women leaving early, using the sabbath as their excuse to get off work. However, he was able to overhear the radio being used by the press information officer, a man cleared to learn all the plans, then to provide only so much information as could be given out without compromising security. The radio reported that Bernadotte would enter the New City at 5:00p.m. and indicated the route Bernadotte would take. There was roughly an hour to plan the assassination by the time. Goldfoot returned to camp. Four men were dispatched to create an obstruction that would allow only one vehicle to pass at a time. A Jeep was parked by the makeshift wall, four men and a driver sitting inside—all dressed as soldiers and in the stance of men goofing off under the hot sun. The road rose to a high point approximately a hundred yards away, a natural slowing point for anyone traveling the area. Two other men, Goldfoot and Yehoshua Zetler, positioned themselves nearby so that they could view what happened to Bernadotte. Bernadotte and his party traveled to the Jewish agricultural school located near the area where he had been able to watch the Arabs bomb the road. The school was occupied by Israeli soldiers who claimed that they were caretakers of the facility. The count knew that the men were in fact using the school for strategic purposes. He decided to check the formal truce regulations to see how to word the violation, then to complain to Jewish officials so the school could be temporarily evacuated. The information Bernadotte needed was in the YMCA. Three cars.

traveling as a convoy, began the trip. The first two vehicles were United Nations cars. The third, holding Bernadotte, was driven by Colonel Frank Begley, the head of the count's security force and a former Connecticut state patrolman. Beside him was a Commander Cox, also an American. Bernadotte sat in the far right passenger seat in back. Colonel Andre Serot, an observer for the French, in the middle, and General Aage Lundstrom on the left. Their car was bearing the United Nations flag. The lead cars were identified by flags of the Red Cross. There was no way anyone observing the convoy could mistake it for anything other than what it was. Since the vehicles were unprotected from sniper fire, they moved quickly through the neutral zone, slowing only at the Israeli check-point, where the guard seemed to not know what to do. He lowered, raised, lowered, and raised the barrier, then lowered it completely as the convoy came to a complete halt. The guard tried to explain his uncertainty about how to treat observers. However, when the driver of the lead car shouted at the guard, he raised the barrier long enough for all three vehicles to pass through. No one in the vehicles realized that the movement of the barrier had been a signal to the assassination team.

306 • Walking with the Damned

The only act of violence occurred when some of the prisoners beat up a policeman. The warden felt that some punishment was necessary, so he canceled family visits for a Saturday The prisoners, outraged, threw mattresses on top of the barbed wire and walked over. The guards felt that they should do something about the matter so they fired their guns, aiming high enough that no one was at risk. The Stern Gang members felt that even that action was too much. They took the weapons from the guards, kept them while partying with their families, then returned to their cells, giving back the weapons with the understanding that the guards would be nicer in the future. Occasionally reporters were brought to the cells. During one such visit Stanley Goldfoot arranged for a barrel of beer to be brought in to celebrate. At other times the prisoners simply walked away from the jail, either permanently or long enough to go to a cafe. Only Ben-Gurion showed outrage. He fired the police guards at the jail, then transferred the prisoners to the more secure Acre Prison. The prisoners were segregated by sex and the security was much tighter. However, even there the time spent would be limited

NO BALM IN GILEAD A Personal Retrospective of Mandate Days in Palestine SYLVA M. GELBER Carleton University Press Inc. 1989

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The Stern Gang was similarly silent when their victim was neither Arab nor Briton, for they did not hesitate to mete out a similar fate on their own co-religionists. I still wonder whether a certain Robert Clive Stern was not one such victim. He was a British Jewish journalist who had come to Palestine as a newspaper man in search of copy. Although he was the London-born son of a rabbi, a member of the respected Bentwich family, he had not been a Zionist, a circumstance which might well have raised the hackles of political extremists. His professional qualifications were impeccable. During the Second World War, he had been attached to the press office of the British embassy in Moscow. In the course of his relatively short sojourn in Palestine, he had been in the employ of the Palestine Post; and then had moved on to the Government Public Information office. Early one evening, just before the end of the year as, unarmed and unperturbed, he walked away from the Public Information office, he was shot dead at close range. At first it was assumed that he had been yet another victim of Arab gunmen. It was not long, however, when word began to be whispered about that he might well have fallen afoul of the Stern Gang. At the time I knew that one of his office colleagues was a newcomer, Stanley Goldfoot. To me Goldfoot looked more like a British expatriate officer than the South African immigrant that he was. I was stunned some months later to learn that he was not only an active Sternist, but had also been implicated in the Jerusalem murder of the United Nations Mediator, Count Folke Bernadotte. It was then I remembered Robert Clive Stern.

A DEATH IN JERUSALEM, Kati Marton, 1994

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Nimry’s academic society and regular contributors to his journal. From 1946 through 1948, Nimry led seminars on the politics and history of the region in his German Colony villa, which was abandoned by its Arab owners. A number of British officers, diplomats, and journalists looking for a chance to while away the long nights of colonial service and for an opportunity to mix with select “natives,” were regulars. It was at these gatherings, Nimry claims, that he gathered useful information for the underground. “I passed on information [to Lehi] regarding where [British] arsenals were kept. I found out when they were about to hang two Irgun boys on terrorist charges and alerted the underground, so it could plan to retaliate. The British trusted me. I had lived with Englishmen and learned some of their tricks. I thought we could apply some of these tricks the same way they applied them to us. They were the grand masters of the imperial game, after all. They ran the Empire with a handful of men. I learned from them that giving in, and being the good boy, doesn’t play in politics. There is a tribe of Arabs in northern Iraq, devil worshipers. They believe a good god exists and doesn’t do much harm. But they offer sacrifices to the bad god. And this is how the British operated vis-a-vis the Arabs. They curried their favor, created the Arab League for them, thinking they could win them over. But of course they couldn’t. The whole Arabist line of the British was a failure as a result.” In the hot-wired Lehi camp during the summer of 1948, Nimry was seen by some as a valuable asset and by others as dangerous to deal with. Zetler, a rough man imbued mostly with animal instincts and a finely honed rage against the outside world, was impressed by the suave agent. “Nimry didn’t try to hide he was working for the British, but he’d tell us, ‘I work for you. I deceive British intelligence,’ ” recalled Nadel. “Erom the beginning of June, Nimry and his South African-born partner, Stanley Goldfoot, began playing an important role in the murder of Bernadotte. Zetler put them in charge of intelligence in the case.” Today, Nimry maintains absolute silence on Bernadotte. “I will not enter into discussions of Bernadotte’s murder,” he flatly states. Another of his comrades in the underground, Y. S. Brenner noted, “I could never free myself of the suspicion that Nimry actually worked for them, not us. But I haven’t got the slightest evidence to prove this. Just a gut feeling that something wasn’t

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quite right with him and Goldfoot. But he impressed Zetler and he let them run strategy. Nimry struck me as dangerous.” To Nadel, Nimry is a man “who makes a snake seem like a clumsy creature.” Nadel says he alerted Shamir to his suspicions about Nimry. “ ‘Don’t worry,’ Shamir replied, ‘we keep him at arm’s length. We get information from him and feed him harmless material. Sometimes we give him misinformation. We know he’s on the British payroll.’ ” Nimry himself admits he reported to a British intelligence officer named Charteris who was in charge of the Middle East Intelligence Desk in the War Department. “I still see some of my former commanders from those days, and we have very pleasant conversations. They respected me. Of course, they were furious when they found out that I was working for Lehi. But those who had a certain level of intellect and civilization accepted it. I miss those friendly meetings we used to have.” In an official document dated January 1949, an MI-5 (British Internal Security Service) officer mentions that both Nimry and his sidekick Goldfoot “worked for us for a while.” Nadel says it was Zetler who gradually allowed Nimry into Lehi’s inner circle. “He trusted Nimry one hundred percent. One day during the cease-fire, Nimry told Zetler he’d been with the British consul and knew the consul planned on going to a concert that night. Nimry said, ‘This is a good time for you to go to the consulate and rob their food stores.’ And Zetler sent Nimry and a few of our boys with a jeep and they cleaned out the British stores. And after that as far as Zetler was concerned, Nimry was a great guy. ” Which is why Zetler relied on Nimry, with his impeccable manners and connections to the hated British, to track Bernadotte’s movements on September 17. According to General Aage Lundstrom’s sworn statement, Bernadotte only decided during lunch at the YMCA that day that he would go from Government House back to the New Gity for his meeting with Dov Joseph. “During lunch, the programme for the afternoon was arranged. Normally on Folke Bernadotte’s journeys the programme was always arranged in advance. That was not the case on this visit to Jerusalem.” How, then, within two to three hours, were his assassins able to organize an ambush at the precise time and place of the passage of the mediator’s convoy

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“Nimry told Zetler the mediator will come through Katamon,” Nadel asserted, “which is why we had the jeep waiting there, and not at Abu Tor, the other possible route to the New City. Nimry told Zetler this to mislead him. He was told by British intelligence to give Lehi the wrong information. It was no secret at all that we wanted to kill Bernadotte. The British were trying to protect him through their agent, Nimry. They expected him to go through Abu Tor, the more direct way to the New City. But Bernadotte changed his mind, as Lundstrom said, in the last possible minute. Fm sure of this because of how Nimry behaved when he found out Bernadotte had passed through Katamon, where we shot him. Nimry was at our Talbiya camp afterwards and said out loud, ‘He really went through Katamon?’ He repeated this several times—‘He really went through Katamon?’—as if he just couldn’t take it in, or hide his astonishment. And of course he was scared to death about what British intelligence would do to him, for leading Lehi right to its prey.” Nimry denies this and claims his partner Stanley Goldfoot tipped off Zetler regarding Bernadotte’s route. “Goldfoot picked it up at the Jerusalem Press Club,” Nimry claims, and Zetler confirms this version. But according to Nadel, “The Press Club didn’t know anything about Bernadotte’s itinerary, only Bernadotte’s own party knew this—that was the point.” At four o’clock on the afternoon of September 17, the fourman hit team sat in the well-tuned jeep, unprotected from the bleach-bright sunshine, waiting for the convoy to pass. For one hour of unrelieved tension, the four men in the jeep could do nothing but hope Bernadotte would not change his route at the very last minute. Earlier, the four had hauled three steel gasoline barrels filled with stones to the roadside. They now rolled the barrels onto the narrow road, leaving just enough room for one jeep, theirs, to pass. One thing they had not counted on during the weeks of target practice in West Jerusalem were the children. The small dairy, or the Tnuva Shop, as it is locally known, located where Palmach Street rises toward Talbiya, was a magnet for kids after school. It also obscured the assassins’ clear view of the road below. Twelve-year-old Yoram Katz and his friend Uri Scharf were on their way to the Tnuva Shop for a snack when they spotted the spanking new jeep sitting idly by the deserted road.

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“I saw four men in it, all in uniform. I wanted to ask them about their firearms. I thought they were tommy guns, but they told me they were Czechoslovakian Stens. They all spoke Hebrew. From the position of the spring and the cocking handle, I noticed that the letters IZL [Irgun Zvai Leumi—the Irgun] were written on the butt. One of them . . . told me, Tf you don’t want to get a kick, be off,’ ... I returned home and the men remained there. ... I stood outside waiting for Uri to come with his bicycle. After about five minutes, I suddenly heard shots, one long burst of shots from an automatic machine gun from the direction of the jeep . . . and saw two young men from the jeep running on the left side of the road toward the UN cars, which were flying the UN flags and which had stopped behind the jeep that was . . . blocking the way. The first two men of the jeep fired in the direction of the wheels of the first and second cars, and at the same time the third man from the jeep who had jumped to the right side of the road fired into the second or third car . . . through the window of the car. ... I heard in all about thirty, forty shots and as soon as they stopped, the two young men on the left side of the road jumped into the jeep, which had already begun to move away at top speed in the direction of Kiryat Shmuel, and I also saw that the man who was on the right side of the road tried to reach the escaping jeep but failed, and then he dropped his weapon on the road . . . and disappeared, and I did not see him anymore. . . . The jeep passed by me and disappeared on the road leading to Rehavia and soon afterward the UN cars passed by me in the same direction to town. ... I hurried to the scene of the shooting and found on the road many empty cartridge cases of a Sten gun. I lifted up two of them and gave them to my father. Meanwhile, many people gathered at the place of the shooting.” Meticulously planned, the murder climaxed in disarray. The killer himself, Yehoshua Cohen, a legend in the underground, had taken too long to finish the job. His orders, as those of his comrades, had been: Whoever first recognizes the mediator must shoot to kill. But only Bernadotte.

Skinner Rogers Dialogues

https://archive.org/details/bf-skinner-and-carl-rogers-a-dialogue-on-education-and-the-control-of-human-behavior-1976

https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2354054W/Carl_Rogers--dialogues?edition=ia%3Acarlrogersdialog0000roge