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Hall County Herald was a weekly newspaper in Memphis, Texas, first published May 3, 1890,[1] by Eugene de Bauernfeind (1850–1891) who ran it until August 10, 1891 (for 1 year, 3 months, and 1 week), when died after a gunfight with Pat Wolffarth, (né Patrick Edward Wolffarth; 1859–1927), foreman of the Diamond Tail Ranch and, 3 months and 2 days earlier, newly elected Sheriff of Hall County. De Bauernfeind – who suffered from two gunshot wounds in the leftbreast and two in the right side from Wolffarth's large .45-calibre Colt pistol – died the next day. Wolffarth – who suffered one superficial gunshot wound in the upper part of the left breast from a .32-calibre ball from de Bauernfeind's small Smith & Wesson pistol – survived.[2] Willard Arnold Johnson (1862–1923) purchased the newspaper a month later from de Bauernfeind's widow, Beaulah de Bauernfeind (née Beaulah Caroline Cross; 1860–1933),[a] and served as its publisher and editor for 32 years – until his death in 1923. Johnson's son, Earl Calvin Johnson (1889–1957), served as acting editor from about 1919 through 1921, when W.A. Johnson was the Liuetinent Governor of Texas. Earl also served as editor and publisher from 1923 until 1928, when the newspaper was sold to and absorbed by the Memphis Democrat – a rival since June 1908. Johnson's wife, Mary Nora Sullivan (1865–1935), had worked in active roles with the newspaper with her husband – and continuted to so with her son until 1928.[3]

History[edit]

Today the publication is named the Hall County Herald and is owned by Childress-based Blackburn Media Group, Inc., which was incorporated June 28, 2005, by William C. Blackburn (né William Christoper Blackburn; born 1967), who serves as president.

The Panhandle was the last part of the state to get newspapers. Two pioneer editors in that region were Henry H. Brooks, who founded the Livestock Champion May 17, 1988, and Charles Francis Rudolph (1859–1929), who founded Amarillo Northwest in 1887. Neither of them founded news- papers there until after 1885, which, it has been suggested, was the end of the Cattle Kingdom.[4][5]

Newspapers have been characterized as mediums for advertising. Opportunities for advertising in the Memphis and the Panhandle region are somewhat correlated to its evolving business and population growth.

  • Stagecoach
  • Railways
The Fort Worth and Denver Railway was completed through Hall County in 1887 (from south to north from the Red River in Hall County) ran through Newlin, Salisbury, and Memphis.
The East Line and Red River Railroad Company, in Hall County, ran through Turkey.
  • Incorporation of counties and towns: Memphis was settled in 1889 and incorporated in 1906. Hall County was created in 1876 and organized in November 4, 1890.[6]
  • Cattle drive routes
The Great Western Cattle Trail ran south to north through the western part of Oklahoma, along the Panhandle
The Rath Buffalo Trail, which ran from Fort Griffin to Adobe Walls, Texas, and then to Dodge City, Kansas, extended through Hall County and was used by buffalo hunters until they left the area, after which it led ranchers and their cattle in.
  • Ranches
  • Farming, especially cotton
  • Hall County sheriffs:
  1. 1888: C.A. Embry[7]
  2. 1891–1898: Steven Scott Montgomery (1870–1964)[8]


The Fort Worth and Denver Railway was completed through Hall County in 1887 (from south to north from the Red River in Hall County) ran through Newlin, Salisbury, and Memphis. The East Line and Red River Railroad Company, in Hall County, ran through Turkey.

Also in Hall County, during the 1920s, the Fort Worth and Denver Railway built a line west from Estelline to Plainview.

De Bauernfeind[edit]

The paper was founded in 1890 by Eugene de Bauernfeind (1850–1891), who had apprenticed at the Rolla Herald.[b][9] De Bauernfeind was the second person from the Rolla Herald who had been killed for something he printed. Thomas M. Watkins (1856–1884), who also had apprenticed at the Rolla Herald and went on to become proprietor and editor of a newspaper – the Maries County Herald, of Vienna, Missouri. Seven years earlier, December 2, 1884, John Hatcher Diggs (1857–1914), editor of The Courier of Vienna, Missouri, fatally shot rival editor Watkins for something he had printed.

Eugene de Bauernfeind was also the Hall County Attorney.[7]

De Bauernfeind was the editor and owner of the Hall County Herald, a newspaper he founded in 1890. On the morning of August 10, 1891, he was involved in a fight with Pat Wolffarth, who began his term as Hall County Sheriff May 8, 1891. (source) They shot each other, but the sheriff lived. Eugene died later that night. The dispute arose when de Bauernfeind published court proceedings in the Hall County Herald related to Sheriff Wolffarth (né Patrick Edward Wolffarth; 1859–1927).

Eight shots were fired in rapid succession at William Robertson's Restaurant.[10] De Bauernfeind was hit four times and Wolffarth was hit once. Wolffarth resigned as sheriff and was placed under arrest and guarded by the Texas Rangers.[11]

Wollfarth[edit]

Wollfarth was convicted of 2nd degree murder August 14, 1892, in Wilbarger County for the murder and sentenced 15 years in a penitentiary.[12][2] He was finally pardoned by the Gov. Charles A. Culberson. Wolffarth was also the foreman of the Diamond Tail Ranch, operated by James C. Curtis (né James Collom Curtis; 1848–1981) and his brother, William Riley Curtis (1845–1901), and financially backed by Sam Lazarus (né Samuel Isaacs Lazarus; 1855–1926), one of a few Jewish cattlemen in Texas, but also a pioneering railroad executive. In 1927, Wolffarth committed suicide by shooting himself with a Colt .45 pistol in Lubbock. Wolffarth's father, Joseph Edward Wolffarth (1825–1896) had been Sheriff of Young County, Texas. Wolffarth's brother, Eastin Wolffarth (1869–1945) had been Sheriff of Lubbock County, Texas, for two 2-year terms, in 1898 and 1900.

One month later after Eugene's death, the paper was purchased by W.A. Johnson.

George Wilks (né George Washington Wilks; 1858–1944) succeeded Wolffarth as the superintendent of the Diamond Tail Ranch, a position he held from 1892 to 1902.

W.A. Johnson[edit]

In September 1891, Johnson acquired the Hall County Herald newspaper, a weekly published on Fridays.

Johnson acquired the Hall County Herald in 1891 and served as editor and publisher until his death in 1923, when his wife took over as editor and publisher. The paper was absorbed (acquired) by the Memphis Democrat August 7, 1928, which was co-owned by J. Claude Wells (1879–1966) and Homer Herschel Montgomery (1907–2000).

Cattle land to farming[edit]

The Hall County Herald chronicled and even promoted the growth of farming in the Panhandle region. As an example, in the September 20, 1894, issue, the paper stated, "they say the farmers there (Parker County) are getting discouraged of raising 5-cent cotton on 30-dollar land when they can raise just as much in Hall County on $5 land."[13]


W.A. Johnson's family[edit]

Johnson's son, Earl C. Johnson, after he and his mother sold the paper to the Memphis Democrat in 1928, moved to Los Angeles to work as Field Manager for the Aero Corporation of California. As Field Manager, he was in charge of all flying activity and pilots on the field.[14]

Historic political bent[edit]

Editorials and pubic office endorsements of the Herald were aligned with the old Democratic Party (see Solid South, Southern Democrat, and Texas Democratic Party § History), a political bent that prevailed throughout the entire state, save and except a few counties that were heavily populated with German-Americans and Slavic-Americans (mostly Czech).

As was the case throughout the post-Civil War South, Texas was solidly Democratic. More than 50,000 Texans fought with the Confederate forces. Texas ranches and farms provided food for those troops. Texans fought the last battle of the Civil War, Palmito Ranch, thirty-three days after Lee's surrender.[15] But the Panhandle, before the Civil War, unlike other parts of Texas, was never a slave owning region.

Current publisher[edit]

Blackburn of Blackburn Media Group, Inc. (BMG), is a maternal grandson of Morris Thomas Higley (1909–1995), editor and publisher of the Childress Index since 1935. He is married to Sharon Blackburn (née Sharon Daniele Sims; born 1974). BMG also publishes

  1. The Childress Index, Childress, Texas
  2. The Knox County News, Munday, Texas (website)
  3. The Hollis News, Hollis, Oklahoma
  4. The Wellington Leader, Wellington, Texas
  5. The Post Dispatch, Post, Texas (website)
  6. The Floyd County Hesperian-Beason, Floydada, Texas (website)
  7. The Colossal
"The Red River Sun is a product of the merger of The Hall County Herald, The Wellington Leader, The Hollis News, and The Childress Index on June 1, 2014. It is the mission of this newspaper to promote the rights of individualism in the American Declaration of Independence. The right of life, liberty and ownership of property are the cornerstone of freedom. Government's sole purpose is to enhance our liberty and freedom. Therefore, we hold every elected and appointed agent of government accountable to that standard."[16]
Weelington Leader in Texas sold
Henry Wells (né Henry Willis Wells; born 1949), publisher of The Wellington Leader, announced this week the sale of the family-owned newspaper to Jeffrey Allen Blackmon, Jr. (born 1977) and his wife, Angela (née Angela D Lindsey) of Cameron, Texas. Blackmon will assume publisher's duties on August 10. I am very pleased that Jeff and Angela have chosen to make Wellington their new home, Wells said. It’s exciting to anticipate the arrival of a publisher with Jeff's background in journalism, and I think that Jeff and Angela will be tremendous assets for the community. Wells was assisted in the sale of his publishing company by Rollie Hyde, Senior Associate of W. B. Grimes & Company. Blackmon has been in the newspaper industry since 1999, most recently as editor and publisher for three Waco area weekly newspapers papers:
  1. The Cameron Herald
  2. The Rosebud News
  3. The Thorndale Champion
owned by Granite Publications, LLC, founded by James Armand Chionsini, Sr. (1946–2020), of San Angelo and Petoskey, Michigan. I decided back in 2004 that I really wanted to take the right steps to soon own my own newspaper, and I was blessed enough to have had opportunities to work in several communities since then, to learn the ins and outs of the newspaper industry–especially on the business side, Blackmon said. My wife and I are extremely excited about the opportunity to purchase The Wellington Leader, and run it as a family. We look forward to continuing the best traditions of The Wellington Leader as well as putting into practice some new ideas and lessons learned in newspapers across Texas. Our goal will be publishing a quality newspaper for the subscribers of The Wellington Leader to enjoy, Blackmon said. Wells father, Deck Wells (né Henry Deskins Wells; 1902–1976) entered the newspaper business in the 1920s with his cousin J. Claude Wells, publishing both The Wellington Leader and The Memphis Democrat. They later divided their interests and Deskins Wells published The Leader from 1925 until his death in 1976, writing a widely quoted column, Deck's Didactics. Virginia Robey (née Virginia Ann Blewett Robey; 1914–1999) served as news editor for 62 years – from 1937, a month after she joined the staff, until her death. Henry Wells and his sister, Diane Wells McDowell (née Lucy Diane Wells; born 1930), then published the newspaper for several For most of the past 25 years Henry Wells has been publisher. In the past two decades, many caring and talented members of the community have made enormous contributions to the newspaper as managing editors, news editors, business managers, reporters, writers, advertising salespeople, photographers, typesetters, graphic and page designers and subscription managers, Wells said. What they might have lacked in formal journalism training, they more than made up for with humor, energy and genuine concern for the welfare of the people of Collingsworth. Although I hesitate to produce a list of names for fear of leaving out someone important, I want each of them to know I have admired their dedication and work under often difficult circumstances.
source

2019[edit]

  • The LK Media Group
LUFKIN—The LK Media Group, incorporated in Texas November 19, 2019, has assumed ownership of the Knox County News-Courier along with the other newspapers of the former Blackburn Media Group
    LK MEdia Group is based in Lufkin, Texas. Ronald Elvin Crocker (born 1954) is President.
  1. Knox County News-Courier
  2. The Red River Sun
  3. The Floyd County Hesperian-Beacon
  4. The Post Dispatch
source

Serial data[edit]

  • Volume 1, No. 1, May 3, 1890[17]
  • Volume 3, No. 26, August 25, 1892

Hall County maps[edit]

Hall County newspapers[edit]

Lakeview:
  • The Lakeview Promoter, Lakeview, 1916–19??; OCLC 13917602; LCCN sn86088017, published weekly, William F. Dickson (né William Henry Francis Dickson; 1887–1973), editor and publisher. William's father, Frank Dixon, was the editor of the Refugio Review of Jackson County from 1907 until his death and publisher of the Jackson County Promoter from 1882 to 1905.
Estelline:
  • The Estelline News, Estelline, 1910–19??; OCLC 14201366; LCCN sn86089199; Jerry Dalton (né Jeremiah Martin Dalton; 1871–1956), editor[18]
  • The Estelline Star, Estelline,[19] 1893–1896; Will A. Trott (né William Alexander Trott; 1862–1912), publisher.[20] W.L. Graves, at one time, was also editor and publisher.[21][22] Col. Patrick Henry Rice (1836–1895), a printer, worked with the organization.
Newlin:
  • The Panhandle Baptist, Newlin 1900–19??; OCLC 14262426; LCCN sn86088961; bi-monthly; Rev. J.L. Pyle (né John Lumplin Pyle; 1838–1909), founding publisher. The printing equipment was located in a half dugout in Newlin. Clarabell Cristine Horn (maiden; 1877–1953), before marrying, was the typesetter. On July 15, 1900, she married Isaac Vandorn Crow (1863–1950) and soon thereafter, the publication discontinued because no other typesetter could be found.[23]
  • Newlin Guard (c. 1893?)
  • The Newlin News, Newlin, Fall 1893–1894; A.M. Embry (né Andrew Morris Embry; 1848–1897), editor. The newspaper was purchased in 1894 by R.B. Edgell (né Robert Burns Edgell; 1856–1936), who changed the name to The Newlin Times; but shortly thereafter, discontinued publication.[20]
In 1889, after the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway had built across the county, Ambry helped plat the town, which was on land awarded by the state to Andrew M. Embry. A depot was erected on the west edge of town and for years was a favorite gathering place for the local people. Embry built a two-story hotel and opened a lumberyard.
Memphis:
  • Hall County News, 1896–1907 (predecessor to the Memphis Democrat) began publication March 1, 1897, when some Memphis citizens who desired a politically alternative voice to the Hall County Herald paid a bonus to J.F. Lockney (né Johnson Frederick Lockney; 1856–1940) to move his plant from Wichita Falls to Memphis. H.B. Martin (né Herbert Bee Martin; 1870–1954) soon became a partner and the publishing firm became known as Lockney & Martin. George Tipton (né George Lafayette Tipton; 1878–1938) and Jimmy Willborn (né James Minter Willborn; 1873–1943) acquired the newspaper in 1900 and Wilborn became sole owner in 1903. The press was an old Campbell type, run by hand.[24]
  • Hall County Courier, 1885–1888 (predecessor to the Hall County Herald)[1]
  • Hall County Herald, Memphis, May 3, 1890 – 1928 (absorbed in 1928 by the Memphis Democrat)
  • Hall County Democrat
  • Memphis Daily Democrat, June 1908–April 1934
  • Memphis Journal, 1892–1894, founded in 1892 by R.W.H. Kennon (né Richard Hines William Kennon; 1865–1944).[20]
  • Memphis News, The November 28, 1929 – April 9, 1931,[25] published weekly:
  1. Initially by Jesse Reese Poole (1903–1980) of Memphis and Fred Lane Landers (1896–1968), editor and publisher of the The Estelline News since about 1926.[26] Poole and Landers sold the paper on November 11, 1930, to Russell Aubry Franklin (1897–1956), from Streetman, Texas.[27] In January 1931, Franklin sold the paper to Millard Humphrey (né Thomas Millard Humphrey; 1908–1982) and Meredith Grant Gross (1910–1959), both of Childress.[28]
  2. Millard Humphrey and Meredith Gross.[25]
Humphrey, who went on to become an insurance executive in Phoenix, was an alumnus of Abilene Christian College, where he had been editor of The Prickley Pear, the collge yearbook. In Arizona, he served as Director of the State Department of Insurance from 1969 to 1975.
  1. Thomas Durham (né Thomas Aycock Durham; 1878–1957) of Albany was the inagural editor followed by
  2. Memphis-born Howell King Stephens (1903–1972), then
  3. Frank Worden Wood, Sr. (1884–1954)
  4. Russell Aubry Franklin[25]
Stephens, on January 25, 1934, became Superintendent of Composition at the United States Printing Office, Washington, D.C., a position he held through 1939.[29]
  • Memphis Times, 1896
  • Memphis Leader, 1897–1899
Turkey:
  1. John Willis Walker (1896–1981), founding publisher and editor[23] until October 1938, when he sold the newspaper to
  2. Carl Henry Roewe, Jr. (1910–2002), who, when drafted into the Armed Forces in 1942, sold the newspaper in June 1942 to
  3. Wiley Raymond Scott (1889–1959) of Quitaque and owner of the Quitaque Post.
Roy Maxwell Craig (1909–1979) served as publisher when the paper was owned by Walker. Craig, with two partners, purchased in 1945, The Stamford American, Stamford, Texas, for which he served as printer, editor, and publisher.
Salisbury:
  • Hall County Record (weekly), Salisbury,[30] June 6, 1889 – 1893; OCLC 18208670; LCCN sn88083916 – founded by N.C. Blanchard[31] (né Nelson Covert Blanchard; 1855–1941) of Emmetsburg, Iowa – was printed at Fort Worth and was largely a medium of advertising for the Fort Worth and Denver Railway. J.C. Holmes (né John Cavender Holmes; 1847–1914) and is wife, M.E. Holmes (née Mary E. Waggoner; born 1849).[32] of Raton, New Mexico, took over the paper September 5, 1889, and set up a printing shop at Salisbury. The plant was moved to Memphis in 1891. The paper ceased publication in 1893.[17] Holmes had edited and published The Raton Independent from 1884 to 1889. Before that he had worked at The San Francisco Call.
Note: The Memphis Mirror of Memphis, Tennessee, 19?? – 1924, is inaccurately attributed in Texas Newspapers, 1813–1939, as a Memphis, Texas, publication. The newspaper was purchased in 1923 by the All-Church Press syndicate of newspapers, Douglas Tomlison, president, and was absorbed by the Fort Worth Tribune.[33]

Nearby newspapers[edit]

Hedley (12 miles from Memphis, in Donley County)
  • In 1908, Thomas Durham (né Thomas Aycock Durham; 1878–1957), started the Hedley Herald, which, in 1910, became the Hedley Informer, the only hand-set weekly newspaper surviving in Texas in the 1980s.
Hedley Informer, The; OCLC 14159384; LCCN sn86088768; Founded October 21, 1910 (Vol. 1, No. 1) by
  1. Joseph Claude Wells (1879–1966) and his wife, Pearl Estella Vineyard (maiden; 1881–1965), longtime publishers of the Wellington Leader, Wellington, Texas
  2. Before 1916: Miss Eula Orene Lane (1895–1990) who, on March 17, 1917, married Ira Leslie Lewis (1895–1985)
  3. 1916: Joseph Claude Wells, after an extended vacation, again, took charge of the Hedley Informer.
  4. 1921–1931: Edward Clark Boliver (1877–1934), who long ago was with The Enterprise. At his death, his son
  5. 1935: David Edward Boliver (1912–1984), succeeded him.
Hedley Informer, Southwest Collection, Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University

See also[edit]

Annotations[edit]

  1. ^ Eugene de Bauernfeind and Beaulah Caroline Cross (maiden; 1860–1933) married September 14, 1881, in Clear Springs, Missouri. Beaulah re-married August 23, 1892, in Clear Springs to Streeter Godman Smith (1858–1930), a public school teacher in Marion, Ohio.
  2. ^ Eugene de Bauernfeind had been a newspaper printer from Rolla and Saint Louis, Missouri. He moved to Memphis in 1890 and that same year founded the Hall County Herald. There are various spellings of his surname, including "De Baurenfield" and "De Bauernfeind." Before moving to Memphis, he had worked for the Rolla Herald in Rolla, Missouri. He was a son of Hungarian-Austrian Count Vincent De Bauernfeind (1810–1887) and Frances Von Penses (maiden; 1829–1891) of a titled Hungarian family from Stuhlweißenburg, who, immigrated to the United States in 1852 following the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
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Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Texas Newspapers, 1813–1939, 1941, p. 146.
  2. ^ a b Wolffarth v. State of Texas, 1892.
  3. ^ Dallas Morning News, May 24, 1923, p. 13.
  4. ^ Weems, Eddie, October 1956, pp. 282–288.
  5. ^ American Newspaper Directory, 1889.
  6. ^ Texas Biennial Reports, 1888– 1930.
  7. ^ a b Texas Biennial Reports, 1888– 1930, p. 135 (1888).
  8. ^ Texas Biennial Reports, 1888– 1930, p. 322 (1890); p. 322 (1894); p. 163 (1896).
  9. ^ Rolla Herald, August 20, 1891, p. 5.
  10. ^ Fort Worth Daily Gazette, August 11, 1891, p. 8, col. 2 (bottom).
  11. ^ Newton Daily Republican, August 15, 1891, p. 1, col. 4.
  12. ^ Rolla Herald, August 25, 1892, p. 3.
  13. ^ Taylor, Paul Schuster, March 1938, p. 597.
  14. ^ Memphis Democrat, December 14, 1928, p. 8.
  15. ^ Durham & Jones, 1965.
  16. ^ Red River Sun, June 4, 2014, p. A2.
  17. ^ a b Baker, 1940, p. 75.
  18. ^ Baker, 1940, p. 133.
  19. ^ Pacific States Newspaper Directory, 1894, p. 280.
  20. ^ a b c Baker, 1940, p. 76.
  21. ^ American Newspaper Directory, 1894, p. 750.
  22. ^ N.W. Ayers & Son, 1893–1894, p. 742.
  23. ^ a b Baker, 1940, p. 77.
  24. ^ Baker, 1940, pp. 76–77.
  25. ^ a b c Wellington Leader, April 16, 1931, p. 1.
  26. ^ Fort Worth Star-Telegram, November 17, 1929, p. 13, Part 2, Sec. 1, Col. 2.
  27. ^ Dallas Morning News, November 19, 1930, p. 5.
  28. ^ Canadian Record, February 5, 1931, p. 1.
  29. ^ Wellington Leader, February 8, 1934, pp. 2 & 8, Sec. 2.
  30. ^ Texas State Gazetteer, 1890, p. 1276.
  31. ^ Applebome, Peter, August 1983, pp. 86–90.
  32. ^ American Newspaper Directory, 1894, p. 763.
  33. ^ Fort Worth Record, May 13, 1923, p. 16, col. 6.

References[edit]

News media

Books, journals, magazines, papers, and blogs

Special temp[edit]

  1. (1889)
  2. (1890)
  3. (1894)
  4. (1895)
  5. (1896)
  6. (1897)
  7. (1898)
  8. (1899)
  9. (1900)
  10. (1902)
  11. (1903)
  12. (1905)
  13. (1908)
  14. (1909)
  15. (1910)
  16. (1911)
  17. (1912)
  18. (1913)
  19. (1914)
  20. (1916)
  21. (1917)
  22. (1918)
  23. (1920)
  24. (1921)
  25. (1922)
  26. (1923)

Government archives, law reviews, directories, genealogical archives

  • Baker, Inez (née Inez Jasamine McCrory; 1887–1969) (July 15, 1940). Yesterday in Hall County. Dallas: The Book Craft, Inc. (private printer). OCLC 42044171. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-source=, |lay-date=, |lay-url=, and |lay-format= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (250 Pages) (microfilmed by UMI) — Reprint: Browder, Virginia Lee (maiden; 1905–1997), ed. (1982). "Yesterday in Hall County, Texas". Hall County Heritage Trails, 1890–1980. Canyon, Texas: Staked Plains Press, Inc. OCLC 498860216.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link) (2 Vols.) (microfilmed by UMI). Staked Plains Press, Inc., was operated by The Canyon News.  (accessible via Ancestry.com).
  • Resources for Texas elected officials (1888–1930). Biennial Report[s] of the Secretary of State of the State of Texas.



Category:Defunct newspapers published in Texas
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