User:Farah Mohd Zaki/sandbox

This is my new sandbox.

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Morphology[edit]

Morphology of the embryo is studied in scientific research and often marked by stages.

For further details of the processes that occur within each stage, see Human embryogenesis.

1. Fertilization

After the egg is fertilized by the sperm, a zygote (single diploid cell) is formed. At this stage, it should have two pronuclei, one of each derived from the egg and the sperm cell respectively and two tiny cells called polar bodies.

2. Cleavage

This begins when the zygote divides into two cells via mitosis. The division continues such that each cell divides into another two cells, which results in a multiplying effect.

Cleavage

3. Morula

The ball of cells formed after the multiple divisions is called a morula. It consists of about 16-32 cells in a ball within a translucent, elastic layer called the zona pellucida. It will then undergo compaction which is a process where the cells bind firmly together and continue to develop into a blastocyst. ^[1]

4. Blastocyst

Blastulation is marked by the appearance of a fluid-filled cavity (blastocoel) surrounded by a single layer of cells called the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. The fetus is developed from the inner cell mass while the placenta is derived from the trophectoderm. ^[2]

^ How New Humans Are Made.
^ Kaser, Daniel J.; Racowsky, Catherine (2014-06-02). "Clinical outcomes following selection of human preimplantation embryos with time-lapse monitoring: a systematic review". Human Reproduction Update. 20 (5): 617–631. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu023. ISSN 1355-4786.

[1] How New Humans Are Made.

[2] Kaser, Daniel J.; Racowsky, Catherine (2014-06-02). "Clinical outcomes following selection of human preimplantation embryos with time-lapse monitoring: a systematic review". Human Reproduction Update. 20 (5): 617–631. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu023. ISSN 1355-4786.

[1]

[2]