User:Mr. Ibrahem/Somatic symptom disorder
| Somatic symptom disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Somatoform disorder |
| Video explanation | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Excessive concern or anxiety regarding physical symptoms[1] |
| Duration | Long-term[2] |
| Causes | Unclear[3] |
| Risk factors | Family history, substance misuse, unemployment, history of child abuse[2][3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Other medical conditions, malingering, generalized anxiety disorder, substance use disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome[1][4] |
| Treatment | Counselling, medications[4] |
| Medication | SSRIs[3] |
| Frequency | ~6%[3] |
Somatic symptom disorder, formerly known as a somatoform disorder, is characterized by excessive concern or anxiety regarding physical symptoms.[1] This occurs to a degree that normal functioning is disrupted.[1] The symptoms may or may not occur as a result of an underlying medical problem.[3] It may be associated with avoidant personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.[3]
The cause is unclear.[3] Risk factors include family history, substance misuse, unemployment, and history of child abuse.[2][3] Diagnosis requires the problem to be present for at least six months.[1] Related disorder include conversion disorder, factitious disorder, and illness anxiety disorder.[4] It differs from malingering, in which symptoms are produced for secondary gain.[4]
Treatment may include counselling, such as cognitive behavior therapy, and medications, such as SSRIs.[4] Frequent efforts to reinforce that symptoms do not represents a life threating condition may help.[3] It is recommended that excessive testing be avoided due to concerns of false positives and the fact that negative results do not provide meaningful reassurance.[3] Up to 90% of cases last more than 5 years.[3]
Somatic symptom disorder is estimated to affect 6% of the population.[3] Females are affected about 10 times more often than males.[3] Onset is often during the later part of childhood, though diagnosis may not occur until later.[2] The condition was described by the Ancient Egyptians and later occurred in the 1900s as hysteria.[5] Its current name was introduced in 2013 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V).[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 311-315. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b c d LaFrance WC (July 2009). "Somatoform disorders". Seminars in Neurology. 29 (3): 234–46. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1223875. PMID 19551600.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n D'Souza, RS; Hooten, WM (January 2020). "Somatic Syndrome Disorders". PMID 30335286.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e Kurlansik, SL; Maffei, MS (1 January 2016). "Somatic Symptom Disorder". American family physician. 93 (1): 49–54. PMID 26760840.
- ^ Sadock, Benjamin J.; Kaplan, Harold I.; Sadock, Virginia A. (2007). Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 634. ISBN 978-0-7817-7327-0.