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to Sandbox article for Two-Way Radio Procedures

Introduction[edit]

ABC=Accuracy Brevity Clarity; think question speak

Line-of-sight propagation

The Great Foo Key

Two-Way Radio Procedures encompasses international regulations, official procedures, technical standards, and commonly understood conventions intended to ensure efficient, reliable, and inter-operable communications via all modes of radio communications.

Drills and Exercises are different. Drills are for routine training practice; exercises are formal simulations of actual events.

What to say: Voice Procedure

How to say it: Voice technique

Tactical call sign vs. functional designator? Functional Designator is part of ICS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=299TLCmymys

Zero-beating

PL Tones[edit]

In EIA RS-220 (year) there are 38 sub-audio tones.

In TIA-603C (year)

http://www.repeater-builder.com/tech-info/ctcss/ctcss-overview.html

http://www.repeater-builder.com/tech-info/ctcss/ctcss-chart.html

http://forums.radioreference.com/1795487-post15.html

http://pmrconversion.info/manuals/pye/CTCSS.pdf

EIA RS-220 CTCSS Tones (Hz)
Group A Group B Group C
77.0 71.9 67.0
88.5 82.5 74.4
100.0 94.8 79.7
107.2 103.5 85.4
114.8 110.9 91.5
123.0 118.8 97.4
131.8 127.3
141.1 136.5
151.4 146.2
162.2 156.7
173.8 167.9
186.2 179.9
203.5 192.8
218.1 210.7
233.6 225.7
150.3 241.8

Community Repeaters[edit]

Community Repeaters
User

Order

Group B Tones (Hz)
AM FM
1 118.8 118.8
2 127.3 110.9
3 136.5 103.5
4 146.2 94.8
5 156.7 82.5
6 167.8 71.9
7 179.9 127.3
8 192.8 136.5
9 210.7 146.2
10 110.9 156.7
11 103.5 167.9
12 94.8 179.9
13 82.5 192.8
14 71.9 210.7
15 225.7 225.7
16 241.8 241.8

Message delivery speed[edit]

Year Introduced Method Manual Speed Advantages Disadvantages Picture
1797 Semaphore Flags (double flag code?) ACP-130 15 Works without electricity Slow and doesn't work at night or in fog. Requires telescopes and unobstructed terrain for longer distances. Requires highly trained operators at both ends.
1835 Manual telegraph (single line) 28-36 Messages per hour Works over long distances with very simple equipment. Requires highly trained operators and there are no telegraph lines still in service.
1851 Telegram Can be much faster than postal mail. Western Union hasn't sent a Telegram since 1999?
1860 Myer Code (flag signals) Slow and doesn't work at night.
1864 Wig-Wag Flag (single flag code) ACP-130 10 Slow and doesn't work at night.
1867 & 1875 Signal Lamp ACP-130 10 Requires highly trained operators at both ends.
1869 Manual telegraph (duplex) 50-70 Works over long distances with mostly simple equipment. Requires highly trained operators and there are no telegraph lines still in service.
1876 Telephone 10-15 Ubiquitous. Cuts out half of the human voice frequencies, reducing intelligibility drastically as compared with face-to-face communications. Very fragile in disaster situations.
1899 Radiotelegraph 15-25 Can work over long distances with equipment that is readily available, though expensive. Requires highly trained operators who are expert in both Morse Code and the complexities of HF radio propagation and antenna efficiency.
1908 Teletypewriter (single line) 80-100
1915[1] Radiotelephone 10-15 Can work over long distances with equipment that is readily available, though expensive. Can be crystal clear or extremely noisy compared with telephones. Cuts out half of the human voice frequencies, reducing intelligibility drastically as compared with face-to-face communications. Very fragile in disaster situations. Newer analog and digital radio systems make human voice even harder to understand than a telephone.
Teletypewriter (duplex) 150-190
c. 1940 Ground Signal Codes/Signaling Panel ACP-136(A) 30 Groups per hour Can be done with bedsheets if needed. Very slow, only intended for use by military ground forces directing military aircraft.
Messenger, dismounted 3-5 Miles per hour Great for delivering paper messages around a large command post or operation site. Only as fast as a person can walk or run, and messengers will have difficulty traversing some disaster situations, such as road blocks, fires, and dangerous areas.
1274 Messenger, mounted 6-8 Can travel through severe traffic and rough terrain easily. Horses are messy.
1870s Messenger, bicycle 6-10 Can be faster than car messengers in dense cities with traffic. Not appropriate for speedy delivery over long distances or in bad weather.
1911 Messenger, airplane 80-200 Can transport messages very quickly with high security, and can transport cargo. Limited availability and very expensive. Limited pick-up and delivery sites, generally requiring an airport near each location.
1914 Messenger, motor 25-40

Training Concepts[edit]

  • SQT=Skill Qualification Test
    • Written Component (WC)
    • Hands-On (HOC)
    • Skill (SC)
    • Job Site Component (JSC)
  • Measurement (of above?)
    • Task
    • Conditions
    • Standards
    • Performance measure

Training Needed[edit]

  • Using PTT
  • Using RF squelch
  • Using Tone squelch
  • Calling Procedure/Order
  • Phonetic Spelling Alphabet
  • Procedure Words
  • Phraseology
  • Plain Language Radio Check
  • Distress Signals
  • Frequency Usage
    • Calling frequencies not used for conversations, etc.
  • Running a Net
  • Joining a Net
  • Writing/Messages/Notes
    • Military Block Lettering
    • DD Form 173 versions for different OCRE (Optical Character Recognition Equipment) processes
      • DD Form 173/1 (black ink) should be requisitioned and used by organizations not served by OCRE.
      • DD Form 173/2 (red ink) should be requisitioned and used by organizations served by OCRE that accepts forms printed in red.
      • DD Form 173/3 (blue ink) should be requisitioned and used by organizations served by OCRE that accepts forms printed in blue.
      • DD Form 173/4 Joint Message Form

Key Radiotelephony Procedure Manuals[edit]

  • Only the person who initiated a radio contact can close it out (cite from a manual).

Specialized Manuals of Interest[edit]

Main Training Material[edit]

Notes.

  • ACP 121(G) Communications Instructions - General
  • ACP-125(F) Communications Instructions - Radiotelephone Procedures
  • TM 11-450[25] Training of Signal Communication Personnel
  • TM 11-486-2 Traffic?
  • TM 11-499 Radio Propagation
  • TM 11-675 RF transmission lines
  • FM 11-05B Soldier's Manual: Radio Operator Skill Levels 1 and 2?
  • FM 101-5-2 U.S. Army Report and Message Formats

Training Material I Need to Find[edit]

  • TF D11-2061 Use of Voice Radio
  • TF D11-671 Message Center Procedure—Part I—Outgoing Messages
  • TF D11-1064 Message Center Procedure—Part II—Incoming Messages
  • TVT 11-6300 Net Controller Training, Part I
  • TVT 11-6301 Net Controller Training, Part II
  • TEC 201-113-4550-A/E Calling and Answering Part 1
  • TEC 201-113-4551-A/E Calling and Answering Part 2
  • TEC 201-113-4552-A/E Establishing a Net
  • TEC 201-113-4553-A/E Authentication
  • TEC 201-113-4554-A/E Opening a Net
  • TEC 201-113-4555-A/E Free and Directed Net
  • TEC 201-113-4556-A/E Message Format, Part 1
  • TEC 201-113-4557-A/E Message Format, Part 2
  • TEC 936-061-1-0108-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 1: Initiating and Responding to Radio Calls.
  • TEC 936-061-1-0109-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 2: Writing Down Message Received by Radio
  • TEC 936-061-1-0110-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 3: Responding to Messages
  • TEC 936-061-1-0111-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 4: Preparing Messages to be Sent
  • TEC 936-061-1-0112-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 5: Sending and Receiving Messages
  • TEC 936-061-1-0113-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 6: Entering and Leaving a Radio Net and Authenticating
  • TEC 936-061-1-0114-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 7: Practice and Self-Evaluation
  • TEC 936-061-1-0147-F Visual Hand Signals
  • TEC 935-071-1026-F Collecting and Recording Information

Metric Units and Radio[edit]

To force on1 apmere through a resistance of 1 ohm requires a pressure of 1 volt.

Add antenna wavelength formulas in metric. Define energy and power.

Safety and electricity.

Radio Voice Quality[edit]

Notes

Type Full Name License Required Frequencies Bandwidth Voice Qualtiy
CB Citizen's Band Radio no moderate
FRS Family Radio Service no horrible
MURS Multiple Use Radio Service ?
GMRS General Mobile Radio Service yes mostly horrible
Amateur radio yes 24 different bands varies widely
Analog 800 MHz

Public Safety

yes 1 band; x channels 25 kHz
P25 yes

Microphone Technique[edit]

Speed; mary had a little lamb, < 100 wpm, etc.

Need to cover distortion with graphics and audio samples of clipping etc.

Do I need to cover harmonics? Need to cover hz range of voice, telephones, and radio systems; language differences; plosives.

Inflection.

Because two-way radio works very differently than telephones.

Need to cover:

  • ALC (automatic level control)
  • PL tones
  • Plosives
  • Speech quality--how long to pause between words?
  • Human voice power:
    • 1/1,000 microwatts (talking as quietly as possible without whispering)
    • 1,000 microwatts (talking as loudly as possible)
    • 2,000 microwatts (power of vowels in ordinary speech levels)
  • Acoustics – The Construction and Calibration of Speech Intelligibility Tests ISO/TR 4870:1991(E).
  • American National Standard Methods for Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index (ANSI S3.5-1997). 
  • Objective Rating of Speech Intelligibility by Speech Transmission Index, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 60268-16, Second Edition, 1998-03. 
  • Sound Systems for Emergency Purposes, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 60849, 1998-02
  • IEC 60849 Second Edition (1998) states that a minimum intelligibility level of 0.7 on the Common Intelligibility Scale (CIS) must be met in all areas that require an emergency voice/alarm communications system
  • Speech Intelligibility – A JBL Professional Technical Note, JBL Professional, Northbridge, CA. 
  • NFPA 72 for voice intelligibility
  • Consonants generally have the lowest power contribution to speech, but are extremely important to intelligibility. Consonants like the “T” and “S” sounds are relatively high in frequency, but of a short duration. Vowels (A, E, I, O, U sounds) carry most of the power of the speech signal.
  • Reverberation is one of the most important contributors to reduced intelligibility, ...
  • 2 kHz is a critical band for intelligibility.
  • STI=Speech Transmission Index

http://www.eham.net/articles/8069 It's not your microphone it's you.

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1449695072653-f9e63377160573cd3050158874dc548c/cert_emergencycommunications_pm_100615.pdf

https://newhams.info/2016/03/13/microphone-technique/

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1449695072639-f9e63377160573cd3050158874dc548c/cert_emergencycommunications_ig_100615.pdf

Emergency communication system

https://simplex-fire.com/en/us/DocumentsandMedia/579-769.PDF

https://www.montcopa.org/DocumentCenter/View/8475

According to TM 11-678, the human voice produces about 1,000 microwatts when talking as loudly as possible, and an average power when talking (not whispering) as quietly as possible of 1/1,000 microwatt. In ordinary speech, vowels contribute the greatest power, reaching a maximum of about 2,000 microwatts. Double-check values for consistency.

Threshold of audibility varies by frequency. As does threshold of feeling Use figure 9 or a better one.

Telephone systems distort sound, generate noise mechanically and electrically, pick up noise from external sources, cutt off low and high frequency components, sometimes attenuate the sound on long distance circuits. All of these reduce the intelligibility of the words, the naturalness of the tone, and quality of the sound. 200 to 2700 cycles Also add in digital conversion distortion.

Quality/timbre is the characteristics that makes it recognizable as a certain kind of sound.

Calling Procedures[edit]

The voice calling procedure is derived from the radiotelegraph calling procedure, which in the U.S. is the structure defined in FCC regulations Part 80.97 (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Section 80.97):

(c) The call consists of: (1) The call sign of the station called, not more than twice; the word ‘‘DE’’ and the call sign of the calling station, not more than twice; if useful, the frequency on which the called station should reply; and the letter ‘‘K’’. (2) If the call is transmitted twice at an interval of not less than one minute, it must not be repeated until after an interval of three minutes. (d) The reply to calls consists of: The call sign of the calling station, not more than twice; the word ‘‘DE’’; and the call sign of the station called, once only.

The origin of the format for making a call is referenced in the March, 1940 issue of The APCO Bulletin:

"In the beginning of radio communication it was found that a certain method of calling brought better results and the rule was formulated that in calling a station the letters KA (sent as one letter) followed by the call letters of the station being called sent three times separated by the letters DE from the call letters of the station calling sent three times, should constitue a call. Under the conditions and in the class of service where this method is used it has been proved to be the best. However, this method is usd in mobile service covering thousands of miles, in un-mapped territory as far as transmission characteristics are concerned and the same station is seldom worked twice as an average rule in the course of a day."[2]

Calling Procedure[3][edit]

  1. MUST give the callsign of the station you are calling, either once or twice (never three times)
  2. MUST follow the callsign with the proword THIS IS
  3. MUST give your callsign once, and once only
  4. Give your message
  5. SHOULD end your transmission with the proword OVER, or OUT

Basic Radio Etiquette[4][edit]

  • The international radio language is English
  • you cannot speak and listen at the same time
  • Don't interrupt other stations
  • Do not respond if you aren't sure the call is for you
  • Never transmit sensitive, confidential, financial or military information
  • Perform radio checks to ensure your radio is in good working condition
    • Battery level
    • Volume loud enough
    • In range of key stations
  • Memorize call signs and locations of persons and radio stations you communicate with regularly
  • Think before you speak.[5]
  • Keep the audience's attention[6]

Rules for Spelling[edit]

ITU Phonetic Spelling Alphabet

Help:IPA/English

Letters[edit]

Letter Code word ICAO[7] and ITU

Roman standard[8]

Consolidated transcription
A Alfa

ATIS: Alpha

AL FAH /ˈælfɑː/ AL-fah
B Bravo BRAH VOH

(1955: BRAH VOH)

/ˌbrɑːˈvoʊ/ BRAH-VOH
C Charlie CHAR LEE /ˈtʃɑːrliː/ CHAR-lee or

/ˈʃɑːrliː/ SHAR-lee

D Delta DELL TAH /ˈdɛltɑː/ DEL-tah
E Echo ECK OH /ˈɛkoʊ/
F Foxtrot FOKS TROT /ˈfɒkstrɒt/ FOKS-trot
G Golf GOLF /ˈɡɒlf/ GOLF
H Hotel HOH TELL /hoʊˈtɛl/ hoh-TEL
I India IN DEE AH /ˈɪndiːɑː/ IN-dee-ah
J Juliett JEW LEE ETT /ˈdʒuːliːɛt/ JEW-lee-et or

/ˌdʒuːliːˈɛt/ JEW-lee-ET

K Kilo KEY LOH /ˈkiːloʊ/ KEE-loh
L Lima LEE MAH /ˈliːmɑː/ LEE-mah
M Mike MIKE /ˈmaɪk/ MYK
N November NO VEM BER /noʊˈvɛmbər/ noh-VEM-bər[9]
O Oscar OSS CAH /ˈɒskɑː/ OS-kah
P Papa PAH PAH /pɑːˈpɑː/ pah-PAH
Q Quebec KEH BECK /kɛˈbɛk/ ke-BEK
R Romeo ROW ME OH /ˈroʊmiːoʊ/ ROH-mee-oh
S Sierra SEE AIR RAH /siːˈɛrɑː/ see-ERR-ah
T Tango TANG GO /ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ TANG-goh
U Uniform YOU NEE FORM or

OO NEE FORM

/ˈjuːniːfɔːrm/ EW-nee-form or

/ˈuːniːfɔːrm/ OO-nee-form

V Victor VIK TAH /ˈvɪktɑː/ VIK-tah
W Whiskey WISS KEY /ˈwɪskiː/ WIS-kee
X X-ray

or Xray

ECKS RAY /ˈɛksreɪ/ EKS-ray or

/ˌɛksˈreɪ/ EKS-RAY

Y Yankee YANG KEY /ˈjæŋkiː/ YANG-kee
Z Zulu ZOO LOO /ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo
- (hyphen) Dash /ˈdæʃ/ DASH

Digits[edit]

Digit Code word Pronunciation Wikipedia transcription
0 Zero ZE-RO /ˈziːroʊ/ ZEE-roh
1 One WUN /ˈwʌn/ WUN
2 Two TOO /ˈtuː/ TOO
3 Three TREE /ˈtriː/ TREE
4 Four FOW-ER /ˈfoʊ.ər/ FOH-ər
5 Five FIFE /ˈfaɪf/ FYF[10]
6 Six SIX /ˈsɪks/ SIKS
7 Seven SEV-EN /ˈsɛvɛn/ SEV-en
8 Eight AIT /ˈeɪt/ AYT
9 Nine NIN-ER /ˈnaɪnər/ NY-nər[11]
100 Hundred HUN-dred /ˈhʌndrɛd/ HUN-dred
1000 Thousand TOU-SAND /ˌtaʊˈsænd/ TOW-ZEND[12]
. (decimal point) Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL /ˌdeɪˌsiːˈmæl/ DAY-SEE-MAL
. (full stop) Stop STOP /ˈstɒp/ STOP

Add punctuation pronounciation

Rules for Radio Discipline[13][14][15][16][17][18][edit]

4 golden rules

  • Clarity
  • Simplicity
  • Brevity
  • Security

Other rules

  • Only transmit facts
  • Never transmit rumours
  • Do not act as a relay station unless the net control asks for one.
  • Always transmit a sequence of numbers as individual digits, using phonetics
  • Always know what to say and how to say it

Mnemonics[edit]

~Handy Mnemonics~ mne-mon-ic \ ni-’mahn-ik\ adj 1: assisting or intended to assist memory. 2: of or relating to memory An Alphabet Soup - the “Nuts & Bolts” KHT = Key, Hesitate, Talk Using this technique will avoid “front end clipping” of your transmission. What is usually clipped or lost at the beginning of radio transmissions is WHO is being called or the radio identifier of the person CALLING, or sometimes the REASON for the transmission. Simply depress the microphone key, hesitate to the count of “one thousand one” and then talk. SHR = Stop, Hesitate, Release Well, there’s “rear end clipping” too, ya know. This technique will prevent that annoying loss of often vital information at the end of your transmissions. ABC - Accuracy, Brevity, Clarity

Accuracy[edit]

RSVP:[13]

R: Rhythm: Use short sentences divided into sensible phrases (vs. pauses after each and every word) that maintain a natural rhythm. When pausing, release the pressel to minimize transmission time and to permit stations to break in as necessary.

S: Speed: Speak slightly slower than for normal conversation. Slow down by increasing the length of pauses between phrases, especially if a message is to be written down by the recipients or if conditions are difficult. (Altering the gaps between words will create an unnatural, halted rhythm that is difficult to understand.) Never speak faster than the station experiencing the worst reception conditions can be expected to receive.

V: Volume: Speak at a volume as for normal conversation. Shouting causes distortion.

P: Pitch: To improve clarity, pitch the voice slightly higher than for normal conversation

Radio Check[edit]

Use Plain language radio checks.

Procedure Words[edit]

Emphasize heavily. ACP-125 Procedure Words

Define a subset of the standard words.

Proword Explanation Prosign/ OPSIG
ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK) An instruction to the addressee that the message must be acknowledged ZEV or QSL
ALL AFTER The portion of the message to which I have reference is all that follows…………… AA
ALL BEFORE The portion of the message to which I have reference is all that precedes………….. AB
ANSWER AFTER The station called is to answer after call sign……..when answering transmissions. ZGO
ASSUME CONTROL You will assume control of this net until further notice ZKD
BREAK I hereby indicate the separation of the text from other portions of the message BT
CALL SIGN The group that follows is a call sign
CLOSE DOWN Stations are to close down when indicated. Acknowledgments are required ZKJ
CORRECT You are correct, or what you have transmitted is correct. C
CORRECTION An error has been made in this transmission. Transmission will continue with the last word correctly transmitted.

An error has been made in this transmission (or message indicated). The correct version is…… That which follows is a corrected version in answer to your request for verification"

EEEEEEEE

C C

DISREGARD THIS TRANSMISSION – OUT This transmission is in error, disregard it. (This proword shall not be used to cancel any message that has been completely transmitted and receipted. EEEEEEEE AR
DO NOT ANSWER Stations called are not to answer this call, receipt for this message, or otherwise transmit in connection with this transmission. When this proword is employed, the transmission shall be ended with the proword OUT. F
EXEMPT The station(s) immediately following is (are) exempted from the collective call or from collective address XMT
FIGURES Numerals or numbers follow.
I AM ASSUMING CONTROL I am assuming control of this net until further notice ZKA
I READ BACK The following is my response to your instructions to read back IRB
I SAY AGAIN I am repeating transmission or portion indicated. IMI
I SPELL I shall spell the next word phonetically.
I VERIFY That which follows has been verified at your request and is repeated. (To be used only as a reply to VERIFY.) C
MESSAGE A message which requires recording is about to follow. (Transmitted immediately after the call. This proword is not used on nets primarily employed for conveying messages. It is intended for use when messages are passed on tactical or reporting nets.) ZBO
MORE TO FOLLOW Transmitting station has additional traffic for the receiving station. B
NEGATIVE (NEGAT) No. Cancel message(s) sent by the Delayed Executive Method. (NEGAT may be used to cancel a single message or a group of messages awaiting execution.) ZUG
NET NOW All stations are to net their radios on the unmodulated carrier wave which I am about to transmit. ZRC2
NO PLAY

(change to DRILL TRAFFIC?)

During exercises the words NO PLAY are used to distinguish real activity from messages concerned with exercise play e.g. a real emergency or real casualty. The first words of any message is to contain the words exercise (nickname e.g.Red Flag) NO PLAY
NOTHING HEARD To be used when no reply is received from a call station. ZGN
NUMBER Station serial number. NR
OUT This is the end of my transmission to you and no answer is required or expected. AR
OVER This is the end of my transmission to you and a response is necessary. Go ahead, transmit K
READ BACK Repeat this entire transmission back to me exactly as received G
RELAY (TO) Transmit this message to all addressees (or addressees immediately following this proword). The address component is mandatory when this proword is used. T or ZOF
RELAY THROUGH Relay your message through call sign……… ZOK
ROGER This is a method of receipt. I have received your last transmission satisfactorily. R
SAY AGAIN Repeat all of your last transmission. Followed by identification data means “Repeat………… (portion indicated).” IMI
SEND YOUR I am ready to receive your message, report, etc. K
(Used only in reply to the offer of a message, etc., on tactical or reporting nets.)
SILENCE (Repeated three or more times) Cease transmissions on this net immediately. Silence will be maintained until lifted. (Transmissions must be authenticated by use of a self authenticated system, codeword, etc.) HM HM HM
SILENCE LIFTED Silence is lifted. (Transmissions must be authenticated by means of self authentication system, codeword, etc.) ZUG HM HM HM
SPEAK SLOWER Your transmission is too fast. Reduce speed of transmission. QRS
THIS IS This transmission is from the station whose designator immediately follows. DE
THIS IS A DIRECTED NET From now until further notice this net is directed. ZKB
THIS IS A FREE NET From now until further notice this net is free. ZUG ZKB
THROUGH ME Relay your message through me ZOE
UNKNOWN STATION The identity of the station with whom I am attempting to establish communication is unknown. AA
USE ABBREVIATED PROCEDURE As conditions are normal, all stations are to use abbreviated procedure until further notice.
WAIT I must pause for a few seconds AS
WAIT – OUT I must pause for longer than a few seconds. AS AR
WILCO I HAVE RECEIVED YOUR SIGNAL, UNDERSTAND IT, AND WILL COMPLY. To be used only by the addressee. Since the meaning of ROGER is included in that of WILCO, the two prowords are never used together.
WORD AFTER The word of the message to which I have reference is that which follows………….. WA
WORD BEFORE The word of the message to which I have reference is that which precedes………….. WB
WORDS TWICE Communication is difficult. Transmit each phrase (or each code group) twice. (This proword may be used as an order, request, or as information.) QSZ
WRONG Your last transmission was incorrect. The correct version is……. ZWF

Brevity Codes[edit]

Should not use any brevity codes, including ACP-131, Q code, RST code, and Ten-Code.

Exceptions:

  • 73 (well understood by Hams to mean "Best Regards"; from the 92 Code.
  • ACP-131
    • Brevity: Radio frequency is becoming saturated, degraded, or jammed and briefer transmissions must follow. Is there a proword for this? same as USE ABBREVIATED PROCEDURE? Which document has MINIMIZE? ACP-121
    • Unable: Cannot comply as requested/directed. (Also an aviation proword)
  • Amateur Radio operators should be familiar with these Q Codes. Their use is to be discouraged, but is so common they should be understood, especially QSL, which maps directly to the proword ACKNOWLEDGE. However, many of them have a slightly different meaning in voice communications than how they are used in Morse code. In telegraphy, they are used as a question/answer pair, as in QRO? is the question "Shall I increase power?" and QRO is the command "Increase power." In voice, however, Amateur radio operators will say they are operating QRO, which colloquially means "I'm operating with significantly more than 5 Watts.", in contrast with QRP, which colloquially means "I'm operating with 5 Watts or less."
    • QRO?: Shall I increase power?
    • QRP?: Shall I decrease power?
    • QSL?: Can you acknowledge receipt?
    • QST?: What follows is a broadcast message to all Amateur radio operators.
    • QTH?: What is your position in lat/lon?
    • QRM?: Is your transmission being interfered with? The answer is QRM followed by a single digit, 1–5, where 1 means no interference and 5 means extremely. (Remember that "M" here means man-made interference.)
    • QRN?: Is your reception troubled by static? The answer is QRN followed by a single digit 1–5, where 1 means no interference and 5 means extremely.
    • QRT?: Shall I stop sending? Colloquially, this means the Amateur operator is ceasing his transmissions and turning off the radio, so will be unreachable until some point in the future.
    • QSO?: Can you communicate with ... direct (or by relay)? Colloquially, a QSO is a conversation.
    • QSY?: Shall I change to transmission on another frequency?

Emergency Communications[edit]

notes

International Emergency Signals[edit]

mayday

Security

Pan Pan

Other stuff[edit]

Derived from ACP 135 (F). Pull content from red cross comm guide.

Ground/Air Visual Signals for Use in Emergency by Survivors

Ground/Air Visual Signals for Use in Emergency by Search Parties

Ground/Air Visual Body Signals for Use in Emergency by Survivors

Ground/Air Visual Paulin (or Sail) Signals for Use in Emergency by Survivors

Distress Signals (from ACP 135(F)[edit]

In addition to the International Distress Signal (SOS), many other signals have been devised over the years to indicate distress. The following list describes those signals which are most common, having been accepted by international agreement:

  • A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute.
  • A continuous sounding with any fog-signaling device.
  • Rockets or shells, throwing red stars, fired one at a time at short intervals.
  • The International Code Signal of distress indicated by the code group NC.
  • Signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball.
  • Flames on a vessel (as from a burning barrel of tar or oil).
  • A rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light.
  • A smoke signal giving off a volume of orange smoke.
  • Slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side.
  • One red, or a succession of reds by flashing light.
  • Inverted national flag.
  • Green fluorescent dye marker.
  • Flashes from a signal mirror.
  • Smoke from three signal fires arranged in a triangular pattern.
  • Squawking Code 7700 on IFF mode 3/A.

Emergency Frequencies[edit]

Concept of "Rescue Control Frequency"

  • 2182 kHz
  • 3023 kHz
  • 4125 kHz
  • 5680 kHz
  • 6215 kHz
  • 123.1 MHz
  • 121.5 MHz
  • 243.0 MHz
  • 282.8 MHz
  • 156.8 MHz
  • 156.3 MHz

Logging[edit]

Military Block Printing

Radio Net Procedures[edit]

Types of nets

  • Pete's Belief of Good Net Types
    • Command Net
    • Tactical Net
    • Resource Net
      • Incident Command System (ICS) Standby Net Called a Resource Net and is always a directed net. Known as the "Supply Sergeant" due to directing assets, supplies, etc. for served agencies.
    • Travel Net
  • Red Cross Net Types
    • Command Net
    • Shelter Net
    • Logistics Net
    • Resource Net
    • Hospital Net (join, not host)
  • CAP Nets
    • Tactical Net
    • Liaison Net
    • Contingency Net
    • Training Net
    • HF-ALE nets are always free nets
  • PCP-1(A)
    • Calling Net
    • Command Net
    • Control Net
    • Coordination Net
    • Distress, emergency, lifeboard, lifecraft, and survival craft nets
    • Link Nets
    • Operations Net
    • Relay Net
    • Reporting Net
    • Request Net
    • Ship-Shore
    • Spotting Net
    • Tactical Net
    • Warning Net
    • Working Net
  • Red Cross Net Types
    • Command Net
    • Shelter Net
    • Logistics Net
    • Resource Net
    • Hospital Net (join, not host)
  • Ham Net types (unofficial)
    • https://net-control.us/
    • Command Net
    • Message Net
    • Resource Net
    • Travel Net
    • Tactical Net
    • Information Net
    • Hospital Net
    • NTS Net
    • Traffic Net
    • SkyWarn NET
    • RACES NET (sponsored by and activated by FEMA)

Break-In Procedures[edit]

http://www.k6arp.org/the-proper-use-of-break/

Logging Communications[edit]

Notes

  • ICS 309 needs to be retired because the log should match ACP125 procedures

Message Exchanges[edit]

  • telegram message handling
  • ICS 213 needs to be retired because it's a memo form not a radiogram form
  • Need rubber stamps for incoming, outgoing, by mail, COPY, CONFIRMATION COPY for message center
  • five-word groups or four-word groups in messages and while talking?

Date & Time Format[edit]

  • Coordinated Universal Time Modern world-wide standard date/time format that sorts in chronological oder (ITU-R TF.460-4)
  • Date-time group Common in Radiograms which likely originated sometime during or before WWII
    Earliest sources:
    • Military service member journals as early as 1942[19]
    • TM 20-205, the Dictionary of United States Army Terms (1944)
    • ACP 121(I) p 3–7 (modern)

Synchronizing Time[edit]

NIST signals

NTP protocol

Date/Time formats

ITU standards?

Radio Net Procedures[20]

  • SEND NET TIME
  • NET TIME 2100 HOURS WAIT
  • NET TIME 2100 HOURS NOW

Time transfer

Precision Time Protocol

https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ftp/time_sync/index.html

Bibliography[edit]

WWII Communications Standards Orgs[edit]

U.S. Government Radio Manuals[edit]

Army Training Courses[edit]

Army Training Extension Course Lessons (TEC), try https://www.atsc.army.mil/tadlp/contact_us.asp#contact list found in Soldier's manual: 11C : indirect fire infantrymen and a few other documents. FA meteorological crewmember; see also CEOI;

Read Order Short Title Title Date Notes
TC 11-6 Grounding Techniques 1976
TC 9-64 Communications-Electronics Fundamentals: Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas 2004
TEC 201-113-4550-A/E Calling and Answering Part 1
TEC 201-113-4551-A/E Calling and Answering Part 2
TEC 201-113-4552-A/E Establishing a Net
TEC 201-113-4553-A/E Authentication
TEC 201-113-4554-A/E Opening a Net
TEC 201-113-4555-A/E Free and Directed Net
TEC 201-113-4556-A/E Message Format, Part 1
TEC 201-113-4557-A/E Message Format, Part 2
TEC 936-061-1-0108-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 1: Initiating and Responding to Radio Calls.
TEC 936-061-1-0109-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 2: Writing Down Message Received by Radio
TEC 936-061-1-0110-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 3: Responding to Messages
TEC 936-061-1-0111-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 4: Preparing Messages to be Sent
TEC 936-061-1-0112-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 5: Sending and Receiving Messages
TEC 936-061-1-0113-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 6: Entering and Leaving a Radio Net and Authenticating
TEC 936-061-1-0114-F Radiotelephone Procedures, Part 7: Practice and Self-Evaluation
TEC 936-061-1-0147-F Visual Hand Signals
TEC 935-071-1026-F Collecting and Recording Information

Army Radiotelephony Training Media[edit]

Viewing Order Short Title Title Date Notes
TF 1-472 Radio Receivers--Principles of Radio Receivers
TF 1-474 Radio Antennas--Creation and Behavior of Radio Waves
TF 1-475 Radio Antennas--Fundamentals of the Antenna
TF 1-863 The Air Defense Team—VHF Control Net System
TF 1-3310 Radio Operator
TF 11-397 Basic Signal Communication—Field Wire Laying Equipment
TF 1-3677 The Story of the Helicopter 1944
TF D11-671 Message Center Procedure—Part I—Outgoing Messages 1942
TF D11-1064 Message Center Procedure—Part II—Incoming Messages 1942
TF D11-2061 Use of Voice Radio
TF 11-177 Basic Signal Communication--Field Wire Splices
TF 11-178 Basic Signal Communication--Field Wire Ties
TF 11-228
TF 11-297 Basic Signal Communication--Field Wire Line Construction
TF 11-397 Basic Signal Communication--Field Wire Laying Equipment
TF 11-951 Pole Line Construction--Part I--Erecting Telephone Poles
TF 11-952 Pole Line Construction--Part II--Installation of Cross Arms
TF 11-968 Pole Line Construction--Part III--Installation of Special Cross Arms
TF D11-671 Message Center Procedure For Division and Higher Headquarters 1942
TF D11-1064 Message Center Procedure--Part II--Incoming Messages
TF D11-2061 Use of Voice Radio
TF 11-2062 Theory of Simplex and Phantom Circuits Part I Balanced Conditions
TF 11-2069 Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation
TF 11-3116 Basic Telephony
TF 11-3482 Frequency Modulation
TF 11-2716 Pole Line Construction
TF 11-3305 Radio Set AN/VRC-12
TF 11-3314 Radio Teletypewriter Set AN/GRC-46
TF 11-3897 International Morse Code
Film Strips
FS 11-1
FS 11-28 Phonetic Alphabet and Pronunciation of Numerals
FS 11-66 Message Center Forms, Records, and Equipment
FS 12-5 The Story of Private Pete
FS 12-3 Military Discipline and Courtesy
FS 12-6 Introduction to Numbers
FS 22-1 Command Voice (sound film strip)
MF=Miscellaneous Films
MF 11-2487 Radio Interference—Part I 1958
MF 11-2488 Radio Interference—Part II 1958
MF 11-4573 Radiotelephone Procedures
MF 11-4359 Single Side Band Radio Communications, Part I: Principles
MF 11-4362 Single Side Band Radio Communications, Part II: Techniques
TVT=Television Tapes
TVT 11-109 Radio Interference - Causes and Sounds
` TVT 11-110 Radio Interference: Remedial Action and Reporting
TVT 11-6300 Net Controller Training, Part I
TVT 11-6301 Net Controller Training, Part II
PS=?
PS 6.79 Purpose and operational principles of the message center
PS 6-80 Outgoing Messages
PS 6-81 Incoming messages, how to handle
AFIF Armed Forces Information Films
AFSM Armed Forces Screen Magazines
CR Campaign Reports
CB Combat Bulletins
AIF Army Information Films
DD Department of Defense Films
EF Educational Films
FB Film Bulletins
GF Graphic Films
HR Historical Reports
JCOC Joint Civilian Orientation Conference Film
MF Miscellaneous Films
NRN No Release Number
OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense Film
OC Officer's Conference Films
OF Orientation Films
PMF Professional Medical Films
RD Army Research and Development
SFR Staff Film Reports
TF Training Films
WA World Affairs Films
FS Film Strips
SK Slide Kits
R Phono-Recordings
https://ia802705.us.archive.org/7/items/janindexofarmymotio1962unitrich/janindexofarmymotio1962unitrich.pdf

Army Training & Field Manuals[edit]

April 1940 numbering: 1--Air Corps. 2--Cavalry. 3--Chemical Warfare Service. 4--Coast Artillery Corps. 5--Corps of Engineers. 6--Field Artillery. 7--Infantry. 8--Medical Department. 9--Ordnance Department. 10--Quartermaster Corps. 11--Signal Corps. 12--Adjutant General's Department. 13--Inspector General's Department. 14--Finance Department. 15--Judge Advocate General's Department. 16--Chaplains. 20 to 30--Basic field manuals. 100--Field service regulations. 101--Staff officers' field manual. 105--Umpire manual. The subnumbers for Field manuals will be from 1 to 199 and for Technical manuals 200, etc. ... Field manuals and Technical manuals will ordinarily be referred to by number only, e.g., FM 6-110 or TM 4-235. -- War Dept. Circular no. 36, April 6, 1940. Issued 19 - July 1947 by the War Dept.

Read Order Short Title Title First Version Date Notes
Army Regulations
AR 25-11 Record Communications and the Privacy Communications System[21]
  • Supersedes AR 105-31 (Aug. 8, 1977) w/C 901 and 902, Record Communications
  • Supersedes AR 380-38 (Nov. 15, 1985), Department of the Army Privacy Communications System
AR 25-11 Record Communications and the Privacy Communications System[22]
  • Supersedes AR 105-31 (Aug. 8, 1977) w/C 901 and 902, Record Communications
  • Supersedes AR 380-38 (Nov. 15, 1985), Department of the Army Privacy Communications System
AR 105-3 Reporting Meaconing, Intrusion, Jamming, and Interference of Electromagnetic Systems
AR 105-10 Communications Economy and Discipline
AR 105-15 signal communications command
AR 105-22 Telecommunications Requirements Planning, Developing, and Processing
AR 105-31 Message Preparation
AR 105-34 Reduction and Control of Telecommunications Traffic in an Emergency (MINIMIZE)
AR 105-64 U.S. Army Communications Electronics Operation Instructions (CEOI) Program
AR 105-75 Military Auxiliary Radio System (replaced by AR 25-6)
AR 310-50 Authorized Abbreviations and Brevity Codes 1985
AR 340-18-1 The Army Functional Files System: General Provisions
Field Manual Parts 1: Air Corps
FM 1-02 Operational Terms and Graphics
Field Manuals Parts 5: Corps of Engineers
no docs yet
Field Manuals Parts 6: Field Artillery
FM 6-02.53 Tactical Radio Communications 2009 use above?
FM 6-02.74 Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the High Frequency--Automatic Link Establishment (HF-ALE Radios 2003
Field Manuals Parts 7: Infantry
FM 7-7 The Mechanized Infrantry Platoon and Squad
FM 7-24 Communications in the Infantry Division
Field Manual Parts 11: Signal Corps
FM 11-1 Talk II SINCGARS Multiservice Communications Procedures for the Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System 1996
FM 11-5[23] Tactical Signal Communication Systems, Army, Corps, and Division orders records and reports
FM 11-05B Soldier's Manual: Radio Operator Skill Levels 1 and 2 Hand signals for traffic control, etc. Read Page 430 training courses on page 467
FM 11-8 Field Radio Relay Techniques
FM 11-9 Signal Radio Relay Company
FM 11-10[24] The Signal Battalion Infantry Division
FM 11-14 Army Signal Supply and Maintenance Batalion
FM 11-15 Signal Cable Construction Battalion
FM 11-16 Signal Orders, Records, and Reports
FM 11-20 Signal Operations, Theater of Operations.
FM 11-21 Tactical Signal Communication Systems, Army, Corps, and Division[25]
FM 11-22 Signal Operations in the Corp and Army[26]
FM 11-25 Signal Troposcatter Company (Light and Heavy)
FM 11-30 MSE Communications in the Corps/Division 1991
FM 11-32 Combat Net Radio Operations,[27] 15 October 1990. (Will be revised as FM 6-02.53) 1990
FM 11-40 Signal Corps Pictorial Operations.
FM 11-43 The Signal Leaders Guide 1995
FM 11-45 Signal Support to Theater Operations,[28] 30 June 1999. (Will be revised as FM 6-02.01)
FM 11-50 Combat Communications Within the Division (Heavy and Light)
FM 11-55 Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) 1999
FM 11-57 Signal Battalion, Airborne Division
FM 11-64 Communications-Electronics Fundamentals: Transmission Lines, Wave Propagation and Antennas
FM 11-72E Soldier's Manual MOS 72E, Combat Telecommunications Center Operator
FM 11-75 Battlefield Information Services (BIS) 1994
FM 11-84 Signal Radio Operations Company
FM 11-86 Combat Area Signal Battalion, Army
FM 11-92 Corps Signal Battalion, November 1959[29] (corps station nets)
FM 11-92 
Corps Signal Battalion and Airborne Corps Signal Battalion[30], February 1968
FM 11-95 Army Command Signal Operations Battalion[31] (details on the composition of field army radio nets and their use)
FM 11-117 Signal Support Company TOE?
FM 11-120 Signal Medium Headquarters Operations Company TOE?
FM 11-137 Signal Communications Center Operations Company TOE?
FM 11-147 Signal Small Headquarters, Operations Company TOE?
FM 11-490-7 Military Affiliate Radio System
Field Manuals Part 12
FM 12-6 Personal Doctrine 1989
Field Manual Parts 20–30: Basic Field Manuals
FM 21-6 Techniques of Military Instruction List of publications for Training
FM 21-7 List of War Department Films, Film Strips, and Recognition Film Slides 1946
FM 21-10 Personal Hygiene
FM 21-25 Elementary Map and Aerial Photograph Reading
FM 21-30 Conventional Signs, Military Symbols, and Abbreviations,
FM 21-50 Military Courtesy
FM 21-60 Visual Signals 1974
FM 21-75 The Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills 1956?[32] 2001
FM 21-305 Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver
FM 24-1 Combat Communications (How to Fight)
FM 24-1 Signal Support in the AirLand Battle
FM 24-1 Tactical Communications Doctrine
FM 24-1 Field Radio Relay Techniques.
FM 24-2 Radio Frequency management
FM 24-5 Basic Field Manual, Signal Communications 1942 Covers lots of stuff, including message handling.
FM 24-6 Radio Operator's Manual Radiotelegraph only; Supplements FM 24-10 and TM 11-454.
FM 24-8 Combined Teletypewriter (Teleprinter) Procedure
FM 24-9 Combined United States-British Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure Concerns radiotelephone procedure used in combined operations of United States and British forces. Not quite the same content as CCBP 3-2
FM 24-10 Combined Radiotelegraph (W/T) Procedure Concerns radiotelegraph procedure used in combined operations of United States and British forces.
FM 24-11 Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)
FM 24-11 Tactical Satellite Communications 1990 Too high-end.
FM 24-12 Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (From FM 24-11)
FM 24-13 Air Extract of Combined Operating Signals (From FM 24-11)
FM 24-16 Communications-Electronics Operations, Orders, Records, and Reports
FM 24-17 Tactical Communications Center Operation
FM 24-18 Field Radio Techniques Supersedes Chapter 5, FM 24-5
FM 24-18 Tactical Single Channgel Radio Communications Techniques
FM 24-18 Radio Communication http://www.90thidpg.us/Research/Original/TableauNr2/Resources/FM_24-18_Radio_Communication.pdf
FM 24-19 Radio Operator's Handbook 1994
FM 24-20 Field Wire and Field Cable Techniques
FM 24-22 COM-E Management System 1977 Too high-end.
FM 24-24 Signal Data References: Signal Equipment 1994 Very geeky military radio gear document. Describes AB-903/G Mast.
FM 24-33 Communications Techniques: Electronic Counter-Countermeasures
FM 24-35 Signal Operations Instructions "The SOI"
FM 24-56 operating regulations
FM 25-10 Basic Field Manual Motor Transport 1942 Needed for chauffeurs
FM 32-5 Communications Security
Field Manuals Parts 50=???
FM 55-30
Field Manuals Parts 100: Field Service Regulations
FM 100-5 Field Service Regulations; Operations
FM 100-10 Field Service Regulations; Administration
FM 100-11 Signal Communications Doctrine
FM 101-5 Staff Officers' Field Manual; Staff Organization and Procedures.
FM 101-5-1 Operational Terms and Graphics 1997
FM 101-5-2 U.S. Army Report and Message Formats
FM 101-10 Staff Officers' Field Manual: Organization, Technical and Logistical Data
Army Training Manuals
TM 1-460[33] Radiotelephone Procedure, Air Corps 1941
TM 5-690[34] Grounding and Bonding in Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities 2002
TM 5-811-3 Electrical Design, Lighting and Static Electricity Protection[35] 1985
TM 11-227 Signal Communication Equipment Directory Radio Communication Equipment 1944
TM 11-314 Antennas and Antenna Systems 1943 Therory about NVIS, etc.
TM 11-450[36] Training of Signal Communication Personnel 1942
TM 11-454 The Radio Operator Mostly radiotelegraph.
TM 11-455 Radio Fundamentals 1944 Good background but dated.
TM 459 International Morse Code (Instructions) 1969
TM 11-462 Signal Corps Tactical Communication Reference Data 1943, 106 pp (illustrates radio nets)
TM 11-483 Suppression of Radio Noises 1944 Grounding, Bonding, etc.
TM 11-460 Division Field Code, Training Edition No. 2
TM 11-486-1 Planning Considerations
TM 11-486-2 Traffic
TM 11-486-3 Transmission and Circuit Layout
TM 11-486-4 Inside Plant
TM 11-486-5 Outside Plant, Wire
TM 11-486-6 Radio
TM 11-486-7 Power
TM 11-486-8 Special Purpose Systems
TM 11-486-9 ARMY TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTOMATION PROGRAM (ATCAP)
TM 11-486-10 Handbook
TM 11-486-11 Definitions and Abbreviations
TM 11-490-1 Army Communications Facilities: Autodin Station and Teletypewriter Station Operating Procedures
TM 11-490-2[37] Army Communications Facilities: Telecommunications Center Operating Procedures
TM 11-499 Radio Propagation
TM 11-655 Fundamentals of telegraphy (teletypewriter)
TM 11-666 Antennas and Radio Propagation 1953
TM 11-669 Transients and Waveforms 1951
TM 11-675 RF transmission lines
TM 11-676 Grounding Procedure and Protective Devices.  Dept. of the Army and the Air Force.  Aug. 1948.  46 p. 1948
TM 11-678 Fundamentals of Telephony 1953
TM 11-679 Fundamentals of Carrier and Repeater.  Dept. of the Army.  Dec. 1953.  252 p. 1953
TM 11-681 Electrical Fundamentals (alternating current) 1951
TM 11-685 Fundamentals of Single-Sideband Communications 1961
TM 11-757 Principles of line fault location
TM 11-2237 The planning of large comcenters
Joint Army, Navy, Air Force Publications
JANAP-141 US Joint Military Radio Frequency Allocation Plan
JANAP-144 Joint Amphibious Communications
Combined Communications Board Publications
CCBP-01 Jun. 43. Combined Amphibious Communications Instructions
CCBP-1 20 Jan. 43. Combined Radiotelegraph (W/T) Procedure (FM 24-10), C 1, 2, 3.
CCBP2-2 Combined Operating Signals
CCBP3-2 Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure
CCBP-4 17 Mar. 43. Combined Teletypewriter (Teleprinter) (Procedure. C 1, 2.
CCBP-5 12 May 43. Combined Visual Signaling (V/S) Procedure. C 1.
CCBP-6 Combined visual signaling (V/S) procedure. Abridged version for Radiotelephone (W/T) operation. FM 24-3. 12 May 1943
CCBP-7 Combined Communication Instructions
CCBP-8 Aug. 43. Cobbined Panel System. C 1, 2, 3.
CCBP-9
CCBP-10 13 Sep 44. Combined Air Warning Code. C 1.
CCBP-11 Fighter Director Vocabulary
Allied Communications Publications
ACP 100 Allied Callsign and Address Group System 1972 1984
ACP 110 SUPP-1 U.S. Naval Tactical Call Sign Book for Aircraft 1960 1972
ACP 112 Task Organization Call Sign Book
ACP 113 Call Sign Book for Ships[38] 1971
ACP 117 Allied Routing Indicator Book
ACP 117 CAN-US SUPP-1 Allied Routing Indicator Book, Canada-United States Supplement No. 1
ACP 118 Visual Call Sign Book 1954
ACP 119 SEAT0 Voice Call Sips for Tactical Aircraft 1969
ACP 121(I) Communications Instructions - General[39][40] 1958 2004
ACP 121(G) Communications Instructions - General 2004 Background, Punctuation abbreviations; phonetic spelling; MINIMIZE in emergencies; lettered time zones;
ACP 122 Information Assurance for Allied Communications and Information Systems[41] Security instructions
ACP 123(B) Common Message Strategy and Procedures[42] 2009 X.400 messages/MMHS
ACP 124(D) Communication Instructions Radiotelegraph Procedure[43] 1957 covers radio nets
ACP 125(F) Communication Instructions Radiotelephone ... procedures 2000
ACP 125(G) Communication Instructions Radiotelephone ... procedures 2016 Main English-language document for radio voice communications procedures. Accuracy methods; definition of prowords; plain language radio check; Discipline; Messages; Operating Rules; Misc methods (sync time; grid references)
ACP 125 US SUPP-1 Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures for Use by United States Ground Forces 1985 Message handling
ACP 125 SUPP-2 (A) Radotelephone Procedures for the Conduct of Artillery and Naval Gunfire 1984 See also ATP 4 Allied Spotting Procedure for Naval Gunfire Support.
ACP 126(C) Communications Instructions - Teletypewriter (Teleprinter) Instructions. – (Frozen)[44] 1989
ACP 127(G) Communications Instructions - Tape Relay Procedures. – (Frozen).[45] 1988
ACP 127 Supp-1(K) Communications Instructions – Procedures for Allied Fleet RATT Operations.[46]
ACP 128(A) Allied Telecommunications Record System (ALTERS) Operating Procedures[47]
ACP 129 NS-1 Communication Instructions Visual Signaling Procedures[48] 1965
ACP 130(A) Communications Instructions Signalling Procedures in the Visual Medium.[49] 2005 For emergency communications. Semaphore; Flaghoist; Sound; Infrared Comms; Panel signalling; Marking of drop zones; emergency signals; pyrotechnics; Combines ACP-129 and ACP-169
ACP 131(B) Communications Instructions - Operating Signals.[50] Morse Code Q-Codes, etc. 1964 version has 3x9 radio check
ACP 131(F) Communications Instructions - Operating Signals.[51]
ACP 134 Telephone Switchboard Operating Procedure
ACP 134 NS-1 Telephone Switchboard Operating Procedure
ACP 134(A) Telephone Switchboard Operating Procedures
ACP 135(F) Communications Instructions - Distress and Rescue Procedures.[52]
ACP 136 Communications Instructions, Panel Signaling
ACP 142 A Protocol for Reliable Multicast Messaging in Bandwith Constrained and Delayed Acknowledgement (EMCON) Environments.
ACP 145 Gateway-to-Gateway Messaging Protocols. – Draft.
ACP 147 Call Sign Book for Merchant Ships in Time of War 1966
ACP 148 Wartime Instructions for Merchant Ships (Visual Signaling and Tactics) 1959
ACP 149 NATO SUPP-1 Wartime Instructions for Merchant Ships (Radio) NATO MERCAST System 1958
ACP 150 Recognition and Identification Instructions - Air, Land and Sea Forces.
ACP 151(A) Recognition and Identification Instructions
ACP 160 IFF/SIF Operating Procedures
ACP 165 Operational Brevity Codes.
ACP 167(H) Glossary of Communications-Electronic Terms.[53]
ACP 167(I) Glossary of Communications-Electronic Terms.[54]
ACP 168(A) Communications Instructions, Pyrotechnic Signals Combined into ACP 130
ACP 176 Allied Naval and Maritime Air Communications Instructions. Updated version?[55]
ACP 177 Land Forces Electronic Warfare Instructions. - Frozen
ACP 178 Maritime Electronic Warfare Instructions. - Frozen
ACP 179 Electronic Warfare Instructions for Air Forces. – Frozen
ACP 180 Electronic Warfare. - Draft
ACP 190 Guide to Spectrum Management in Military Operations. Frequency Planning
ACP 191 Ionospheric Sounder Operations.
ACP 193(A) A Ground Routing Protocol (GRP) for use with Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) Capable HF Radios.[56]
ACP 194 Policy for the Coordination of Radio Frequency Allocations and Assignments between Cooperating Nations. – Draft.
ACP 198 Instructions for the preparation of Allied Communications Publications.
ACP 200 Allied Maritime Tactical Wide Area Networking
ACP 220 Multi National Videoconferencing Services
Standardization Agreement
STANAG-2020 Operational Situation Reports
STANAG-2028 System for Field Wire Labeling
STANAG-2043 Principles and Procedures for Establishing Communications
STANAG-2109 Telecommunications Symbols
Misc
ATP 6-02.53 Techniques for Tactical Radio Operations Supersedes FM 6-02.53

Radio Communications Forms[edit]

Army Forms[edit]

Training Order Short Title Title Date Notes
DA PAM 310-1 Consolidated Index of Army Publications and Blank Forms https://www.apd.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/DAForm.aspx
DA Form 1392 Data Message Form
DA Form 2404 Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet
DA Form 2655 Message Action Request
DA Form 2028 Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms
DA Form 2028-2 Recommended Changes to Equipment Technical Publications
DA FORM 2-1 Personnel Qualification Record
DA FORM 6 Duty Roster 07/01/1974
DA FORM 71 Oath of Office - Military Personnel 07/01/1999
DA FORM 87 Certificate of Training 10/01/1978
DA FORM 455 Mail and Document Register 07/01/1962
DA FORM 647 Personnel Register 06/01/2010
DA FORM 647-1 Personnel Register 04/01/2010
DA FORM 669 Army Continuing Education System (ACES) 05/01/1986
DA FORM 1112 Building Preventive Maintenance Record 03/01/1954
DA FORM 1222 Routing Slip 05/01/2013
DA FORM 1259-R Teletypewriter Conference Record (LRA) 06/01/1973
DA Form 2150-R Communications Status Log (LRA) 05/01/1987
DA FORM 2408-23 SURVIVAL RADIO/EMERGENCY LOCATION TRANSMITTER INSPECTION RECORD 12/01/1991
DA Form 3921 Communications Center Service Message
DA FORM 3918-R Facsimile Transmittal Header Sheet.
DA Form 3940 Unit Assignment (all personnel shift assignments
DA Form 4004 Message Book[57] derived from M-210 Message Book
DA Form 4010 Message Distribution Register
DA Form 4011
DA Form 4012 Terminating Message Number Sheet
DA Form 4016 Telecommunications Center Originating Message Register (replaces form 11-189?)
DA Form 4158 Circuit Log and Operator's Number Sheet
DA Form 4180 Message Number Sheet (for logging incoming? outgoing? messages)
DA Form 4215 Duty Officer's Record of Communication Center Operations Make a record of all unusual conditions (i.e.e circuit/equipment problems, backlogs, personnel shortages, etc.)
M-40[58] Message Envelope
DD Form 173/4 Joint Message Form
159 Signal Corps Number Sheet[59][60]
Message Center Log[61]
Operator's Number Sheet[62]
DA FORM 7452-1-R GROUND FAULT PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR NEW FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-2-R LIGHTING PROTECTION GROUNDING SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR NEW FACILITEIS (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-3-R SIGNAL GROUND REFERENCE SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR NEW FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-4-R EARTH ELECTRODE SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR EXISTING FACILITIES (LRA 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-5-R GROUNDING AND BONDING CONNECTION CHECKLIST FOR EXISTING FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-6-R LIGHTNING PROTECTION GROUNDING SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR EXISTING FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-7-R GROUND FAULT PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR EXISTING FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-8-R SIGNAL GROUND REFERENCE SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR EXISTING FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-9-R SHIELDING SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR EXISTING FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002
DA FORM 7452-R EARTH GROUND ELECTRODE SUBSYSTEM CHECKLIST FOR NEW FACILITIES (LRA) 02/01/2002

Other Government Communications Manuals[edit]

Read Order Short Title Title Date Notes
Pub 102 International Code of Signals 2003 For Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications.
019 A A Guide to Radio Communications Standards for Emergency Responders A UN document
NIFOG 1.4 National Interoperability Field Operations Guide
USAFI MA 885 or CA 885 Fundamentals of Radio
USAFI MA 887 or CA 887 Intermediate Radio
USAFI MA 331 or CB 331 Typewriting I
NAVPERS 10228-B Navy Training Course Radioman 3 & 2 1957 Includes lots of good stuff, including one of only a few descriptions of the radio message box file I've seen. Radiotelephone procedure starts in Chapter 11, page 345. Chapter 13 covers safety page 398
DNC 5 (A) U.S. Naval Communication Instructions 1954 also read D version
NAVPERS 10228-B US Navy Radioman 3&2 Training Manual 1957 2nd edition.
The Bluejacket's Manual, United States Navy 24th Edition
Handbook for Marine Radio Communication[63]
NFPA 1802 Standard on Personal Portable (Hand-Held) Two-Way Radio Communications Devices for Use by Emergency Services Personnel in the Hazard Zone
CAPR 100-3 Communication Instructions Radiotelephone Operations[64] General stuff repeating from ACP 125. Block lettering diagram; formal message handling flow chart; zulu time conversion chart.

Allied Communications Procedures[edit]

These documents codify substantially all of the long-time standard radio procedures developed during the 1900s to the 1940s, and should be considered the gold reference for two-way radio communications procedures. Other sources for valid procedures include the ITU, and global discipline-specific organizations, such as ICAO for aircraft, and the IMO for sea-going vessels. See also. [65]

Also: http://www.virhistory.com/navy/manuals.htm

http://www.navy-radio.com/manuals/

JANAP= Joint Army, Navy, Air Force Publications

DNC= U.S. Navy Communications Service

  • C.S.P. 581, U.S. Navy Secret Radio Call List No. 1, October 1932
  • DNC 3 (A), U.S. Navy Radio Call Sign Book (Working Copy) (3 folders), April 1944
  • DNC 3 (A), U.S. Navy Radio Call Sign Book (2folders), November 1944
  • DNC 5 (A), U.S. Naval Communication Instructions (2 folders), January 1954
  • DNC 5 (D), U.S. Naval Communication Instructions and Procedures (2 folders), March 1968
  • DNC 8, U.S. Navy Military Affiliate Radio System (MARS) Communications Instructions, August 1963
  • DNC 23, United States Navy Voice Call Book, 1945
  • DNC 26
  • DNC 33 (A), Navy AIG Handbook (2 folders), April 1974
  • JANAP 100, Joint U.S. Amphibious Communications, May 1944
  • JANAP 119 Change 11, Joint Voice Call Sign Book (2 folders)
  • JANAP 119 (G), Joint Voice Call Sign Book (2 folders), November 1976
  • JANAP 299 US Joint Code Word Index
  • Naval Radio Service Handbook of Regulations, 1913
  • Communication Instructions 1929: The Visual Manual, July 1929
  • Communication Instructions 1929: The Radio Manual, July 1929[66][67]
  • U.S. Navy Call Book Part I: Radio Calls and Addresses, December 1930
  • U.S. Navy Call Book Part I: Radio Calls and Addresses (Revised), 1932
  • U.S. Navy Call Book Part I: Radio Calls and Addresses, May 1935
  • U.S. Navy Call Sign Book Part I: Radio Call Signs-Folder 1, 1941
  • U.S. Navy Call Sign Book Part I: Radio Call Signs-Folder 2, 1941
  • U.S. Navy Call Sign Book Part I: Radio Call Signs and Addresses, 1939
  • A Vocabulary of Tactical Call Signs for Communication in Noise, April 1943
  • DOD 8910.01M, DOD Procedures for Management of Information Requirements, 30 June 1998
  • DOD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program, 1 January 1997
  • AFPD 31-4, Information Security, 1 September 1998
  • JANAP 119(M), Joint Voice Call Sign Book (C), 1 October 2004
  • JANAP 299(B), US Joint Code Word Index, Aug 86 (S), 1 August 1986
  • CJCSM 3150.29D, Code Word, Nickname, and Exercise Term (NICKA) System, 15 October 2010
  • SGM-1481-52 : ALLIED Q MESSAGE' SYSTEM" ALLIED HYDROGRAPHIC PUBLICATION-1 - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PROMULGATION OF NAVIGATIONAL DANGERS IN TIME OF WAR
  • NAVPERS 10228-B: http://www.virhistory.com/navy/manuals/rm32-10228B-1957.pdf
  • NAVPERS 10228-D: http://www.virhistory.com/navy/manuals/rm32-10228D-1964.pdf
  • NAVPERS 10228-E: http://www.virhistory.com/navy/manuals/rm32-10228E-1967.pdf
  • NAVPERS 10228-F: http://www.virhistory.com/navy/manuals/rm32-10228F-1971.pdf
  • NAVEDTRA 10228-G: http://www.virhistory.com/navy/manuals/rm32-10228g.pdf
  • NTP 4:Fleet Communications
  • NTP 4(B): Naval Telecommunications Procedures
  • NTP 8(A): USN-USMC Military Affiliate Radio System (MARS) - Communication Instructions

Important government groups

US Library of Congress Army Manual Directory: https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/technicalmanuals3.html

http://radionerds.com/index.php/Field_Manuals

http://www.jfbouch.fr/crypto/m209/handling/drafting.html

Short Title Long Title First Version Current Version Notes
MCRP 6-22D U.S. Marine Corps Field Antenna Handbook 1999
MCRP 3-40.3B U.S. Marine Corps Radio Operator's Handbook 1999
Training Circulars
TC 11-6 Grounding Techniques 1976
TC 9-64 Communications-Electronics Fundamentals: Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas 2004
TC 24-3 Radio Wire Integration Installation and Operation Tips User Guide 1976
Army Tables of Organization and Equipment (TOE)
TOE 11-122 Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, Signal Group.
TOE 11-127 Signal Operations Company, Medium Headquarters.
TOE 11-137 Signal Communication Center Operation Company.
TOE 11-147 Signal Small Headquarters Operations Company
TOE 11-303 Signal Radio Operations Company
TOE 11-327 Signal Operations Company, Large Headquarters
TOE 11-345 Signal Operations Battalion
TOE 11-327 Signal Long Lines Company
TOE 11-357 Signal Truck Switching Company
TOE 11-358 Signal Messenger Company.
TOE 11-367 Signal Company, Tropospheric, Light
TOE 11-368 Signal Company, Tropospheric, Heavy
TOE 11-317 Signal Radio Relay Company

Appendix B: Methods of Communication[edit]

Text.

Method Definition Earliest Usage Procedures Defined By
Electrical/Electronic
Telephony The transmission and reception of speech.
Radiotelephony The transmission and reception of speech using radio signals. 1908
Telegraphy U.S. Navy adopts the Army system of signals in 1862. 1862?
Wireless Telegraphy The transmission and reception of messages using the International Morse Code. Marconi in 1899, first USN ship installation 1901; USS Chicago relays signals during 1906 SF earthquake disaster. 1899
Facsimile The transmission of information, such as, pictures, maps, messages and other similar material.
Television The transmission and reception of images in either fixed or moving form.
Data Communications The transmission and reception of digital information using computer based systems
Visual
Flashing Light The term applied to the transmission of signals by light. USN experiments with flashing lights. 1875
Infrared The transmission of information by light, which is outside of the visible spectrum. Special equipment is required.
Semaphore Flags Transmission of signals by means of one or two flags held in the operator's hands. The position or movement of the flags represents letters and numerals. First American signal book published by Captain Thomas Truxtun for the USN. Formally replaced by 1847 Rageus and Black Semaphore Dictionary. 1797
Morse Flags
Pyrotechnics This method involves the use of flares, rockets and smoke

for pre-arranged signals or for recognition purposes. Defines ORANGE smoke as a daytime distress signal, at sea or on land. White smoke from a shore station=you are seen; assistance will come as soon as possible.

ACP 130(A), Chapter 11
Rocket/Shell Throwing red stars, fired one at a time at short intervals=distress. ACP 135(F)
Panels This means involves the use of specially shaped 1.8 m x 0.68 m (light on one side; dark on the other; roll up and are secured by elastic cords) and/or coloured cloth or other material displayed in accordance with the pre-arranged code to convey messages. They are used between ground and air units. ACP 130(A), Chapter 10.
Flaghoist The use of flags and pennants displayed from halyards. Although this is a rapid and accurate method of transmission it is limited to daylight use and to comparatively short distances ACP 130(A), Chapter 1
Colored Lights Coloured lights may be displayed in accordance with a

pre-arranged code to convey information.

ACP 130(A)
Sound/Acoustic
Whistles
Sirens Continuous sounding with any fox-signaling device=distress. ACP 135(F)
Bells
Gun/Explosive Fired at intervals of about a minute=distress. ACP 135(F)
Underwater Acoustic
Other
Postal Mail
Messenger

See Also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "WASHINGTON--BY WIRELESS TELEPHONE TO--HONOLULU". Fort Wayne Sentinel. October 7, 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  2. ^ "The APCO Bulletin, March 1940 (page 10)" (PDF). Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  3. ^ "Radio Procedures during normal operating conditions" (PDF).
  4. ^ "Two Way Radio Etiquette".
  5. ^ "How to Stop Saying Um, Uh, and Other Filler Words".
  6. ^ "7 ways to keep audience attention during your presentation".
  7. ^ International Civil Aviation Organization, Aeronautical Telecommunications: Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Volume II (Fifth edition, 1995), Chapter 5, 38–40.
  8. ^ "ITU Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code". Life.itu.ch. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  9. ^ The ITU and ICAO (romanized) transcribe this as /nɔːˈvɛmbər/ naw-VEM-bər, presumably an error.
  10. ^ The pronunciation "fife" is required. Failure to use this pronunciation has resulted in '5' being misheard as '9'. (McMillan, 1998, "Miscommunications in Air Traffic Control Archived 15 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine")
  11. ^ Transcribed as if it were /ˈnɪnər/ NIN-ər, but this pronunciation is never used.
  12. ^ Transcribed as if it rhymed with sand, but this pronunciation is never used.
  13. ^ a b "Guide to Radio Communications Standards for DEM Emergency Responders" (PDF).
  14. ^ "Jamacian Radio Voice Procedure (so-so)" (PDF).
  15. ^ "Radio 101 Techniques for the Field" (PDF).
  16. ^ "Radio User Standard Operating Procedures" (PDF).
  17. ^ "U.S. Marine Corps Radio Operators Handbook" (PDF).
  18. ^ "CAP REGULATION 100-3 Radiotelephone Operations" (PDF).
  19. ^ "title goes here". Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  20. ^ "NET TIME NOW". YouTube.
  21. ^ "Record Communications and the Privacy Communications System".
  22. ^ "Record Communications and the Privacy Communications System".
  23. ^ "Tactical Signal Communication Systems, Army, Corps, and Division" (PDF).
  24. ^ "The Signal Battalion Infantry Division".
  25. ^ "FM 11-21, Tactical Signal Communication Systems, Army, Corps, and Division" (PDF).
  26. ^ "FM 11-22: Signal Operations in the Corp and Army" (PDF).
  27. ^ "FM 11-32, Combat Net Radio Operations" (PDF).
  28. ^ "FM 11-45, Signal Support to Theater Operations" (PDF).
  29. ^ "FM 11-92: Corps Signal Battalion, November 1959" (PDF).
  30. ^ "FM 11-92: Corps Signal Battalion and Airborne Corps Signal Battalion" (PDF).
  31. ^ "FM 11-95: Army Command Signal Operations Battalion" (PDF).
  32. ^ "ACP-125 with list of other military documents".
  33. ^ "TM 1-460 Radiotelephone Procedure, Air Corps 1941".
  34. ^ "TM 5-690 Grounding and Bonding in Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities" (PDF).
  35. ^ "Electrical Design, Lighting and Static Electricity Protection" (PDF).
  36. ^ "TM 11-450 Training of Signal Communication Personnel".
  37. ^ "TM 11-490-2 Army Communications Facilities: Telecommunications Center Operating Procedures".
  38. ^ "ACP 113(AH) CALL SIGN BOOK FOR SHIPS" (PDF).
  39. ^ "COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTIONS - GENERAL" (PDF).
  40. ^ "COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTIONS GENERAL ACP 121(G)" (PDF).
  41. ^ "Information Assurance for Allied Communications and Information Systems" (PDF).
  42. ^ "ACP 123 (B) Common Messaging Strategy and Procedures". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.2950.
  43. ^ "ACP 124 (D): COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTIONS RADIO TELEGRAPH PROCEDURE" (PDF).
  44. ^ "COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS TELETYPEWRITER (TELEPRINTER) PROCEDURES ACP126 (C)" (PDF).
  45. ^ "COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS TAPE RELAY PROCEDURES ACP127 (G)" (PDF).
  46. ^ "Communications Instructions – Procedures for Allied Fleet RATT Operations" (PDF).
  47. ^ "Allied Telecommunications Record System (ALTERS) Operating Procedures" (PDF).
  48. ^ "ACP 128 Communication Instructions Visual Signaling Procedures" (PDF).
  49. ^ "ACP 130(A) Communications Instructions Signalling Procedures in the Visual Medium" (PDF).
  50. ^ "ACP 131(B) Communications Instructions Operating Signals" (PDF).
  51. ^ "Communications Instructions - Operating Signals" (PDF).
  52. ^ "ACP 135(F) Communications Instructions Distress and Rescue Procedures" (PDF).
  53. ^ "ACP 167(H) Glossary of Communications-Electronics Terms" (PDF).
  54. ^ "Glossary of Communications-Electronic Terms" (PDF).
  55. ^ "Partnership for Peace Naval and Maritime Air Communications Instructions" (PDF).
  56. ^ "A Ground Routing Protocol (GRP) for use with Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) Capable HF Radios" (PDF).
  57. ^ "Message Book".
  58. ^ "M-40 Message Envelope" (PDF).
  59. ^ "Number Sheet" (PDF).
  60. ^ "Blank Number Sheet" (PDF).
  61. ^ "message center log" (PDF).
  62. ^ "Operator's Number Sheet" (PDF).
  63. ^ "Handbook for Marine Radio Communication" (PDF).
  64. ^ "CAP 100-3" (PDF).
  65. ^ "Communications Publications Collection, 1929-1989" (PDF).
  66. ^ "Communications Instructions, 1929 Part II: Radio" (PDF).
  67. ^ "Communication Instructions 1929: Part IV: Procedure and Examples" (PDF).
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